Photocatalytic reductive radical-radical coupling of N,N'-cyclicazomethine imines with difluorobromo derivatives.

A visible-light-induced difluoroalkylation of N,N'-cyclicazomethine imine was successfully realized through a novel photoredox radical-radical cross-coupling reaction. This developed protocol exhibits high functional group tolerance and affords a variety of difluorinated 3-pyrazolidinone scaffolds. Extensive mechanistic investigations have been undertaken, well revealing the involvement of a reductive radical-radical coupling pathway.

Light beams with selective angular momentum generated by hybrid plasmonic waveguides.

We report an integrated compact technique that can "spin" and "twist" light on a silicon photonics platform, with the generated light beams possessing both spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM). It demonstrates the potential of SAM/OAM optics for on-chip integration.

[Clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of rare chromosome aberration in peripheral blood].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the main clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of rare chromosome aberration in peripheral blood. METHODS: Peripheral blood cells were cultured for 72 hours with routine method and slids performed, and then the slide was read and mode analysis was carried out. The diagnostic standard of rare chromosomal aberation was: 1-2 abnormal kary types were found in every 30, 60, 200 mitotic phass. RESULTS: The main clinical characteristics of 52 cases of individual chromosomal aberation in peripheral blood included: 1. spontaneous abortion; 2. abnormal sex development; 3. reproduction diseases; and 4. morbid and deformity. CONCLUSION: Rare chromosomal aberation should be regarded as chromosomal diseases. Prenatal diagnosis is necessary for people with such chromosomal aberation in their reproductive actions.

[Discovery of analogous balanced translocation syndrome and its clinical genetics research].

OBJECTIVE: To find out the clinical genetic law of relation between a group of special chromosomal structural abnormality including bit Y, inv(9), S+, No. 1, 9, 16 chromosomal qh+/-, and the balanced translocation. METHODS: By means of binomial distribution method, 980 cases were analyzed for balanced chromosome translocation, big Y, inv(9), S+ and qh+/-, and according to the clinical features the 980 cases were divided into 4 groups: spontaneous abortion, abnormal sexual development, labouring disease and disabled or diseased condition of the patient. RESULTS: In these 980 cases of balanced translocation, big Y, inv(9), S+ and qh+/-, the chief clinical features caused by the various different conditions have a high similarity (P > 0.20-0.50). CONCLUSION: The big Y, inv(9), S+, and qh+/- leading to the occurrence of the chief clinical features belong to the analogous balanced translocation syndrome. This fact indicates that in the process of sexual reproduction, the minute unequivalent exchange in the molecular level of gamete is possible to have genetic effect in the descendants, and may cause a corresponding clinical feature, present the abnormal sex differentiation, in varying degrees, and influence the abnormal phenotype or the health of individuals.