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1.
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban ; 52(6): 907-912, 2021 Nov.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34841752

ABSTRACT

The superior oblique muscle has the longest tendon among the six extraocular muscles and serves complex functions. Surgery on the superior oblique muscle is considered the most complicated and difficult procedure in the field of strabismus. This article focuses on the history of superior oblique muscle surgeries, including superior oblique weakening procedure and superior oblique strengthening procedure. We discussed the advantages, disadvantages, and indications of each type of surgery, providing colleagues in the field of ophthalmology with a comprehensive understanding of superior oblique muscle surgery and facilitating the carefully weighed decision to choose and perform the procedure.


Subject(s)
Oculomotor Muscles , Strabismus , Humans , Oculomotor Muscles/surgery , Strabismus/surgery , Tendons
2.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci ; 62(12): 18, 2021 09 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34546326

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and its relationship with relative cytokines in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), and to observe the effect of OPN on orbital fibroblasts (OFs) proliferation, migration, and the expression of relative cytokines, as well as the signaling pathways involved in its effect. Methods: The orbital adipose connective tissue was obtained from 24 patients with GO (12 cases of active GO, and 12 cases of inactive GO) and 12 healthy controls. OFs were isolated from orbital tissues obtained from patients with active GO who were undergoing orbital decompression surgery. Quantitative PCR and Western blot were performed to detect RNA and protein expression. The proliferation and cell migration rates of OFs were measured by methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) and the cell scratch test. Signaling pathway inhibitors, such as OPN monoclonal antibody 1A12, ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, and PI3K inhibitor LY294002, were applied to determine the involved pathways. Results: The mRNA and protein levels of OPN were increased in orbital adipose connective tissue from patients with active GO than those from patients with inactive GO (2.83-fold increase, P < 0.001; 1.91-fold increase, P < 0.05). The OPN mRNA level was positively correlated with CD40 ligand (CD40L) and hyaluronan synthases 2 (HAS2) mRNA in patients with GO. OPN promoted proliferation and migration rate of OFs and induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and collagen I mRNA expression, and the effects were inhibited by 1A12 or LY294002. Conclusions: OPN in orbital adipose connective tissues were significantly increase in active GO, and there were significant correlations of OPN with CD40L and HAS2 mRNA levels in patients with GO. OPN promoted proliferation and migration of OFs and induced VEGF and collagen I mRNA expression in OFs through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This suggested a role for OPN in the pathogenesis of GO through the activation of OFs.


Subject(s)
Graves Ophthalmopathy/etiology , Osteopontin/physiology , Adipose Tissue/pathology , Adult , Blotting, Western , Cell Movement/physiology , Cell Proliferation/physiology , Cells, Cultured , Cytokines/metabolism , Female , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Fibroblasts/pathology , Graves Ophthalmopathy/metabolism , Graves Ophthalmopathy/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Orbit/pathology , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Signal Transduction/physiology
3.
Med Sci Monit ; 25: 1024-1031, 2019 Feb 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30724266

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a common endocrine autoimmune disease. The present study explored corneal nerve changes in TAO patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-eight Chinese TAO patients and 20 healthy individuals were included in the study. Central corneal subbasal nerve density and morphology were evaluated with in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy and quantified using automated CCmetrics software. RESULTS The values of the central corneal subbasal nerve plexus parameters of both active and inactive TAO patients were significantly decreased compared with those of controls, including corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) (P<0.001 for both), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD) (P<0.001 for both), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) (P<0.001 for both), corneal nerve fiber total branch density (CTBD) (P<0.001 for both), corneal nerve fiber area (CNFA) (P<0.001 for both), corneal nerve fiber width (CNFW) (P=0.046, P=0.027, respectively), and corneal nerve fiber fractal dimension (ACNFrD) (P<0.001 for both). In addition, CNFD and ACNFrD values were significantly lower in the active TAO patients compared with those in the inactive TAO patients (P=0.020, P=0.002, respectively). There were significant correlations between CNFD, CNBD, CNFL, CTBD, CNFA, and ACNFrD and the ocular surface parameters and activity assessment items. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal corneal subbasal nerves were observed in both active and inactive Chinese TAO patients, suggesting that nerve degeneration is associated with the disease. However, the exact underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.


Subject(s)
Cornea/innervation , Graves Ophthalmopathy/physiopathology , Adult , Asian People , Case-Control Studies , China , Cornea/physiopathology , Female , Graves Ophthalmopathy/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Male , Microscopy, Confocal/methods , Middle Aged , Nerve Fibers , Nerve Tissue , Optic Nerve/metabolism
4.
Med Sci Monit ; 25: 10205-10211, 2019 Dec 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31891939

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the intra-operative parameters and post-operative outcomes of cataract surgery performed using the cystotome-assisted prechop (CAP) and phaco-chop techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-two eyes with age-related cataract in the CAP group, and 63 eyes in the phaco-chop group were enrolled for analysis in this study, and the surgical outcomes were reported 1 day and/or 1 week, and 1 month post-operatively. RESULTS The CAP technique was associated with statistically significantly lower cumulative dissipated energy compared with the phaco-chop technique (P<0.001). The mean endothelial cell loss in the CAP group was statistically significantly lower than that of the phaco-chop group 1 week (5.6±5.9% versus 8.8±8.7%, P=0.020) and 1 month post-operatively (6.3±6.8% versus 9.8±9.9%, P=0.026). The change in the central corneal thickness between the 2 groups was significantly different at 1 day post-operatively (3.3±3.1% versus 4.9±4.6%, P=0.036). The change in the 8.0 mm central corneal volume between the 2 groups was significantly different at 1 day and 1 week post-operatively (6.5±6.1% versus 10.9±7.9%, P=0.001; 3.2±4.7% versus 5.4±5.7%, P=0.029, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The CAP technique showed lower ultrasound energy consumption and less endothelial damage and corneal edema than the phaco-chop technique. It might therefore prove a cost-effective prechop method for cataract surgery.


Subject(s)
Phacoemulsification/instrumentation , Phacoemulsification/methods , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cataract/pathology , Cornea/pathology , Cornea/surgery , Corneal Pachymetry , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Care , Preoperative Care
5.
Curr Eye Res ; 41(7): 927-32, 2016 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26735162

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To examine the density and morphology of Langerhans cells (LCs) in the cornea of patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). METHODS: Forty patients with TAO and 20 healthy volunteers were studied. All subjects underwent a thorough ophthalmic examination of both eyes. The ocular surface status was assessed by Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) symptom questionnaires, tear break-up time (BUT), fluorescein staining and the Schirmer test. Laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy was applied to evaluate the LC density and morphology in both central and peripheral cornea. The correlations between confocal microscopy data and clinical data were also analyzed. RESULTS: The OSDI and fluorescein staining values were significantly higher, while BUT and Schirmer test scores were lower in both active and inactive TAO patients compared to the controls. Central LC densities of patients with active TAO (76.38 ± 67.77 cell/mm(2)) and inactive TAO (47.49 ± 38.58 cell/mm(2)) were both significantly higher than those of the controls (21.46 ± 21.74 cell/mm(2)). The number of LCs in the peripheral cornea was also significantly increased in the active TAO group (131.53 ± 74.18 cell/mm(2)) compared to the control group (70.21 ± 37.76 cell/mm(2)). Central LC morphology (LCM) values were significantly higher in both active (1.77 ± 0.63) and inactive (1.51 ± 0.63) TAO groups compared to the control group (1.01 ± 0.80), whereas peripheral LCM scores of the two TAO groups were increased without statistical significance. There were significant correlations between both central LC density and central LCM scores and clinical data, including clinical activity score, OSDI and Schirmer test scores, and between peripheral LC density and OSDI and Schirmer test scores. No significant correlations were found between peripheral LCM scores and clinical data. CONCLUSIONS: The increase of corneal LCs in density and maturation in patients with TAO reflects an activated state of the local immune system, which indicates an inflammatory process in the cornea of TAO.


Subject(s)
Cornea/pathology , Graves Ophthalmopathy/diagnosis , Langerhans Cells/pathology , Microscopy, Confocal/methods , Adult , Cell Count , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Healthy Volunteers , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index
6.
Curr Med Res Opin ; 31(8): 1509-18, 2015 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26039179

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis was designed to assess the efficacy, as well as the safety of loteprednol etabonate (LE) ophthalmic suspension compared with placebo and other commonly used eye drops for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. METHODS: Comprehensive searches of randomized controlled trials were carried out in a database of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Eight qualified studies were included. This study assessed the reduction from baseline in scores of cardinal signs and symptoms, proportion of patients with improvement of allergic signs and symptoms, and incidence of clinically significant intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation (IOP elevation ≥10 mmHg). RESULTS: The results showed that topical LE was significantly superior to placebo in reduction from baseline in signs scores (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.65 to -0.32) and symptoms scores (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -0.51; 95% CI = -0.64 to -0.38) of allergic conjunctivitis, and as effective as olopatadine and fluorometholone acetate. Topical LE was associated with a higher improvement rate of signs (risk ratio [RR] = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.26-1.86; I (2 )= 57%) and symptoms (RR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.15-1.46; I (2 )= 54%) than placebo and the positive control treatment. Clinically significant IOP elevation was more frequent in the group of LE than the group of control treatment (pooled odds ratio = 3.03; 95% CI = 1.04-8.80), which was affected by the response to corticosteroid of the individual patient and the wearing of contact lenses. CONCLUSIONS: Topical LE is effective in treating allergic conjunctivitis. However, it should be used with caution due to the higher incidence of IOP elevation compared with placebo and olopatadine. A large-scale trial would be required to confirm the effect of different concentrations of LE on IOP.


Subject(s)
Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use , Conjunctivitis, Allergic/drug therapy , Loteprednol Etabonate/therapeutic use , Humans , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Loteprednol Etabonate/adverse effects , Olopatadine Hydrochloride/therapeutic use , Publication Bias
7.
Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban ; 44(1): 15-23, 2015 01.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25851970

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in treatment of corneal alkali burn injury in mice. METHODS: Corneal alkali burn injury was induced by sodium hydroxide method in C57BL/6J mice. The mice with cornea burns were treated intraperitoneally with EGCG solution or phosphate buffer solution (PBS) respectively. The healing of corneal epithelium, the formation of corneal neovascularization (CNV) and the inflammation reaction were assessed by slit -lamp microscopy and histological examination. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein in cornea was evaluated by real -time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay was used to quantitatively evaluate the polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) infiltration in the corneas. RESULTS: The healing rate of corneal epithelium in EGCG group was significantly higher than that of PBS group at d1, d3 and d7 after treatment (d1: 41.0%±13.0% vs 23.8%±7.6%; d3: 76.6%±7.5% vs 61.2%±6.8%; d7: 87.8%±8.5% vs 74.0%±9.1%; all P <0.05). The CNV scores and the number of CNV in the corneal sections of EGCG group were significantly lower than those of PBS group at d3, d7 and d14 after treatment (CNV score: d3: 1.1±0.5 vs 6.6±1.0; d7: 1.3±0. 3 vs 8.1±1.0; d14: 0.9±0.2 vs 9.2±1.1; CNV number: d3: 1.68±0.61 vs 2.92±0.95; d7: 4.80±1.36 vs 7.92±1.28; d14: 3.64±0.71 vs 5.88±0.76; all P<0.05) . The expression of VEGF protein at d3 (0.19±0.05 vs 0.45±0.08) and d7 (0.42±0.07 vs 0.84±0.09), the expression of VEGF mRNA at d1, d3 and d7 in EGCG group were significantly lower than those in PBS group (all P <0.05). Compared to PBS group, the inflammatory index at d3 (3.2±0.4 vs 3.7±0.5) and d7 (2.3±0.5 vs 4.0±0.0), the number of PMNs in the corneal sections and the MPO values at d3, d7 and d14 in EGCG group were significantly decreased (PMNs: d3: 34.5±15.7 vs 90.0±28.8; d7: 17.1±11.4 vs 54.9±25.9; d14: 12. 8±4.6 vs 39.0±17.9; all P <0.05). CONCLUSION: In the murine corneal alkali burn model, intraperitoneal injection of EGCG solution can promote the healing of corneal epithelium, inhibit the formation of CNV and reduce the inflammatory cell infiltration in the corneas.


Subject(s)
Burns, Chemical/drug therapy , Catechin/analogs & derivatives , Eye Burns/drug therapy , Alkalies , Animals , Catechin/therapeutic use , Cornea/drug effects , Cornea/pathology , Corneal Neovascularization/prevention & control , Disease Models, Animal , Inflammation/drug therapy , Inflammation/immunology , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neutrophils/cytology , RNA, Messenger , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
8.
Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban ; 40(6): 659-62, 2011 11.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22190528

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of compound anisodine (CA) for patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: According to the modified Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson Visual Fields Grading System, 46 patients with moderate stage POAG were randomized to receive compound anisodine injection (CA group) or venoruton tablets (control group). Visual acuity (VA), IOP, fundus, visual fields (VF) and the blood flow of optic nerve were observed. RESULTS: The mean of defect (MD) was decreased in CA group after treatment. The PSV and EDV of ophthalmic artery were remarkably improved in both groups, as well as the PSV, EDV and RI of retinal central artery. Compound anisodine was superior in improving hemodynamics of ophthalmic artery and retinal central artery to venoruton. CONCLUSION: Compound anisodine can protect optic nerve of POAG through improving the visual function and blood supply of optic nerve.


Subject(s)
Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Scopolamine Derivatives/therapeutic use , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome
9.
Cornea ; 25(10 Suppl 1): S41-6, 2006 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17001192

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report clinical and histopathological characteristics of postoperative amyloidosis recurrence in a patient with lattice corneal dystrophy (LCD) type I. METHODS: The clinical manifestation of recurrent amyloidosis in the residual stroma was delineated in a patient with LCD type I after deep lamellar keratoplasty (DLKP) for 6.5 years. Complete removal of the residual recipient stroma and regrafting of a new cryopreserved donor button were accomplished by a secondary DLKP. The primary DLKP donor graft and the underlying residual stroma of the recipient obtained by the secondary DLKP were examined for analysis of histopathologic and ultrastructural changes. RESULTS: A tongue-shaped retained stroma with linear opacity was observed underneath the primary DLKP donor graft. The retained stromal layer was thoroughly detached from Descemet membrane, removed, and followed by grafting a new cryopreserved button. The primary donor button exhibited a normal epithelium, fewer keratocytes, an intact Descemet membrane, and mild positive Congo red staining in the middle layer of the stroma. The total retained recipient stroma removed by the secondary DLKP measured approximately 20 mum in thickness, showing thick and massive amyloid accumulation. The surface of the removed residual stroma toward Descemet membrane showed collagen fibers in an interwoven fashion without bundle structure under a scanning electron microscope. CONCLUSION: Incomplete removal of the recipient stroma by DLKP can lead to the recurrence of amyloidosis in the residual stroma in patients with LCD. Clinical and histologic findings in the primary graft and in the residual recipient stroma implicate stromal genesis of recurrence of LCD after DLKP.


Subject(s)
Amyloidosis, Familial/etiology , Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary/etiology , Corneal Stroma/surgery , Corneal Transplantation/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications , Amyloid/metabolism , Amyloidosis, Familial/pathology , Amyloidosis, Familial/surgery , Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary/pathology , Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary/surgery , Corneal Stroma/metabolism , Corneal Stroma/ultrastructure , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Recurrence
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