Nonpronuclear- and monopronuclear-derived blastocysts do not impair subsequent perinatal and maternal outcomes.

CONTEXT: The routine clinical practice is to prioritize the transfer of blastocysts derived from 2PN embryos if they are available. For women who only have blastocysts resulting from 0PN and 1PN embryos, whether to transfer these embryos or discard them has been an ongoing debate over the years. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the perinatal and obstetric outcomes following the transfer of vitrified-warmed single blastocysts derived from 0PN and 1PN zygotes. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: University-affiliated IVF center. PATIENT(S): This study included singletons born to women who had undergone 0PN and 1PN vitrified-warmed single blastocyst transfers, compared to those resulting from 2PN vitrified-warmed single blastocyst transfers from 2012 to 2020. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Perinatal and obstetric outcomes. RESULT(S): A total of 7,284 women were included in the final analysis. Of these, 386, 316, and 6582 cycles resulted from 0PN-, 1PN-, and 2PN-derived blastocysts transfer, respectively. The rates of clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth were similar across the study cohorts in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. When comparing the 0PN and 2PN groups, no differences were found in birth outcomes after adjusting for confounders. Similarly, maternal complications and mode of delivery were comparable between these two study cohorts. Birth parameters were also similar between the 1PN and 2PN blastocyst groups, except for more male births in the 1PN cohort. Furthermore, a comparison between the 1PN and 2PN groups did not reveal any significant differences in maternal outcomes. CONCLUSION: The current study showed that the transfer of 0PN and 1PN blastocysts did not compromise reproductive outcomes or increase maternal and perinatal complications. This information is valuable for clinicians to counsel couples effectively and guide them in making informed decisions.

Statin-Associated Liver Dysfunction and Muscle Injury: epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Management Strategies.

Surveillance of drug safety is an important aspect in the routine medical care. Adverse events caused by real-world drug utilization has become one of the leading causes of death and an urgent issue in the field of toxicology. Cardiovascular disease is now the leading cause of fatal diseases in most countries, especially in the elderly population who often suffer from multiple diseases and need long-term multidrug therapy. Among which, statins have been widely used to lower bad cholesterol and regress coronary plaque mainly in patients with hyperlipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). Although the real-world benefits of statins are significant, different degrees and types of adverse drug reactions (ADR) such as liver dysfunction and muscle injury, have a great impact on the original treatment regimens as well as the quality of life. This review describes the epidemiology, mechanisms, early identification and post-intervention of statin-associated liver dysfunction and muscle injury based on the updated clinical evidence. It provides systematic and comprehensive guidance and necessary supplement for the clinical safety of statin use in cardiovascular diseases.

Unbiased metastatic niche-labeling identifies estrogen receptor-positive macrophages as a barrier of T cell infiltration during bone colonization.

Microenvironment niches determine cellular fates of metastatic cancer cells. However, robust and unbiased approaches to identify niche components and their molecular profiles are lacking. We established Sortase A-Based Microenvironment Niche Tagging (SAMENT), which selectively labels cells encountered by cancer cells during metastatic colonization. SAMENT was applied to multiple cancer models colonizing the same organ and the same cancer to different organs. Common metastatic niche features include macrophage enrichment and T cell depletion. Macrophage niches are phenotypically diverse between different organs. In bone, macrophages express the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and exhibit active ERα signaling in male and female hosts. Conditional knockout of Esr1 in macrophages significantly retarded bone colonization by allowing T cell infiltration. ERα expression was also discovered in human bone metastases of both genders. Collectively, we identified a unique population of ERα+ macrophages in the metastatic niche and functionally tied ERα signaling in macrophages to T cell exclusion during metastatic colonization. HIGHLIGHTS: SAMENT is a robust metastatic niche-labeling approach amenable to single-cell omics.Metastatic niches are typically enriched with macrophages and depleted of T cells.Direct interaction with cancer cells induces ERα expression in niche macrophages. Knockout of Esr1 in macrophages allows T cell infiltration and retards bone colonization.

Using targeted second-generation sequencing technique to guide clinical diagnosis and the effect of medication on the therapeutic effect and prognosis of respiratory tract infection in children: An observational study.

To explore the effect of targeted second-generation sequencing technique to guide clinical diagnosis and medication on the therapeutic effect and prognosis of respiratory tract infection (RTI) in children. During January 2021 to June 2022, 320 children with RTI cured were selected in our hospital as the object of this retrospective study. The control group accepted empirical broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy and the observation group accepted targeted second-generation sequencing technique to guide diagnosis and medication. The therapeutic effect, improvement time of clinical symptom index, laboratory-related index, level of inflammatory factors, incidence of complications, and parents' treatment satisfaction were compared. The observation group was considerably more efficacious (91.25%) versus the controlled group (72.50%). The duration of enhancement of fever, nasal congestion, tonsillar congestion, and cough symptoms was shorter in the observation group (P < .05). Serum levels of iron, IgA, IgG as well as IgM were substantially elevated in the observation group. The levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were markedly reduced in the observation group after treatment. The prevalence of complications was considerably below that of the comparison group (21.25%) in the observation group (8.75%). Parental satisfaction with therapy was markedly higher in the observation group (92.50%) than in the control group (66.25%). The application of targeted second-generation sequencing technology to guide clinical diagnosis and drug use can elevate the RTIs efficacy and prognosis in childhood. Targeted second-generation sequencing can achieve precise treatment, reduce drug resistance of drug-resistant strains, and improve the efficacy. It has high promotion and application value.

Deep learning system for malignancy risk prediction in cystic renal lesions: a multicenter study.

OBJECTIVES: To develop an interactive, non-invasive artificial intelligence (AI) system for malignancy risk prediction in cystic renal lesions (CRLs). METHODS: In this retrospective, multicenter diagnostic study, we evaluated 715 patients. An interactive geodesic-based 3D segmentation model was created for CRLs segmentation. A CRLs classification model was developed using spatial encoder temporal decoder (SETD) architecture. The classification model combines a 3D-ResNet50 network for extracting spatial features and a gated recurrent unit (GRU) network for decoding temporal features from multi-phase CT images. We assessed the segmentation model using sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), intersection over union (IOU), and dice similarity (Dice) metrics. The classification model's performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy score (ACC), and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: From 2012 to 2023, we included 477 CRLs (median age, 57 [IQR: 48-65]; 173 men) in the training cohort, 226 CRLs (median age, 60 [IQR: 52-69]; 77 men) in the validation cohort, and 239 CRLs (median age, 59 [IQR: 53-69]; 95 men) in the testing cohort (external validation cohort 1, cohort 2, and cohort 3). The segmentation model and SETD classifier exhibited excellent performance in both validation (AUC = 0.973, ACC = 0.916, Dice = 0.847, IOU = 0.743, SEN = 0.840, SPE = 1.000) and testing datasets (AUC = 0.998, ACC = 0.988, Dice = 0.861, IOU = 0.762, SEN = 0.876, SPE = 1.000). CONCLUSION: The AI system demonstrated excellent benign-malignant discriminatory ability across both validation and testing datasets and illustrated improved clinical decision-making utility. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: In this era when incidental CRLs are prevalent, this interactive, non-invasive AI system will facilitate accurate diagnosis of CRLs, reducing excessive follow-up and overtreatment. KEY POINTS: The rising prevalence of CRLs necessitates better malignancy prediction strategies. The AI system demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance in identifying malignant CRL. The AI system illustrated improved clinical decision-making utility.

Three-Dimensional Bimetallic Ammonium K-Eu Nitrate with a Rare (6,6)-Connected Ion Topology Exhibiting Structural Phase Transition and Photoluminescence Properties.

A K-Eu bimetallic ammonium metal-nitrate three-dimensional (3D) framework incorporating R-N-methyl-3-hydroxyquinuclidine, (RM3HQ)2KEu(NO3)6 (RM3HQ = R-N-methyl-3-hydroxyquinuclidine, 1), was characterized and reported. Distinguishing from the former hybrid rare-earth double perovskites, 1 adopts a mixed corner- and face-sharing K+/Eu3+-centered polyhedral connectivity to form a 3D inorganic framework, showing a rare (6, 6)-connected ion topology with a 66 framework. Notably, 1 exhibits clear phase transition, and the switchable thermodynamic behavior is confirmed by variable-temperature dielectric measurements and second-harmonic generation response. Moreover, 1 also shows photoluminescence properties. The activator Eu3+ plays a crucial role in this process, leading to a significant narrow emission at 592 nm with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 20.76%. The fluorescence lifetime (FLT) of 1 is 4.32 ms. This finding enriches the bimetallic hybrid system for potential electronic and/or luminescence applications.

Stabilizing NASICON-type Na4MnCr(PO4)3 by Ti-substitution toward a high-voltage cathode material for sodium ion batteries.

The sodium superionic conductor Na4MnCr(PO4)3 gains increasing attention owing to its three-dimensional structure and the three-electron reaction. However, rapid structure degradation during cycling is the major challenge for its practical application. Herein, Ti4+ is utilized to replace a portion of Mn2+ in Na4MnCr(PO4)3. The low redox voltage and d0 electronic configuration of the Ti4+ ions are helpful to suppress the structure alteration and improve electronic conduction. Consequently, the as-prepared Na3.4Mn0.7Ti0.3Cr(PO4)3/C cathode exhibits a remarkable good 91.0% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 10C rate, with exceptional rate capacities of 99.5 mAh g-1 and 81.0 mAh g-1 at 5C and 10C rate, respectively. Furthermore, based on ≈2.86-electron reactions involving Mn2+/Mn3+ (3.5 V), Mn3+/Mn4+ (4.1 V), Cr3+/Cr4+ (4.3 V), and Ti3+/Ti4+ (2.1 V), the material can provide an energy density of approximately 541.6 Wh kg-1, slightly surpassing that of Na4MnCr(PO4)3. Ex-situ XRD investigation further elucidates that throughout the entire charge-discharge process, the Ti-substituted material experiences highly reversible solid-solution and two-phase reactions. Additionally, Ti substitution can greatly promote the interfacial charge transfer of the material and suppress the decomposition of the electrolyte during cycling. This work might open a new insight for designing sodium-ion battery cathode materials with good cycling stability and high energy density.

Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of ICSI using pentoxifylline to identify viable spermatozoa in patients with frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa.

Introduction: Although the effectiveness of pentoxifylline (PF) as a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase to enhance sperm motility through increasing cyclic nucleotide in cases of absolute asthenozoospermia has been demonstrated for ICSI, data related to babies born from the PF-ICSI are still severely lacking. Concerns have been raised regarding the potential embryotoxicity of PF due to the controversial results obtained from the analysis of this compound on animal embryo development. This study aimed to determine whether the application of PF to trigger frozen-thawed TESA (testicular sperm aspiration) spermatozoa increases the risk of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes compared with non-PF frozen-thawed TESA ICSI and conventional ICSI using fresh ejaculation. Materials and methods: A total of 5438 patients were analyzed in this study, including 240 patients underwent PF-TESA ICSI (ICSI using PF triggered frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa), 101 patients underwent non-PF TESA ICSI (ICSI using frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa) and 5097 patients underwent conventional ICSI using fresh ejaculation. Propensity score matching was executed to control the various characteristics of patients. Results: No significant differences in pregnancy outcomes were observed among the three groups (PF-TESA ICSI, non-PF TESA ICSI and conventional ICSI), including biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, implantation, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, and live birth, following propensity score matching. Additionally, neonatal outcomes were found to be similar among the three groups, with no statistical differences observed in the birth defect, birth weight, gestational age, preterm birth, and early-neonatal death. Discussion and conclusion: PF-ICSI may be an alternative treatment in patients using frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa, resulting in comparable pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.

Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells with a MERTK mutation exhibit cell junction abnormalities and aberrant cellular differentiation potential.

BACKGROUND: Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology is a valuable tool for generating patient-specific stem cells, facilitating disease modeling, and investigating disease mechanisms. However, iPSCs carrying specific mutations may limit their clinical applications due to certain inherent characteristics. AIM: To investigate the impact of MERTK mutations on hiPSCs and determine whether hiPSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) influence anomalous cell junction and differentiation potential. METHODS: We employed a non-integrating reprogramming technique to generate peripheral blood-derived hiPSCs with and hiPSCs without a MERTK mutation. Chromosomal karyotype analysis, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescent staining were utilized for hiPSC identification. Transcriptomics and proteomics were employed to elucidate the expression patterns associated with cell junction abnormalities and cellular differentiation potential. Additionally, EVs were isolated from the supernatant, and their RNA and protein cargos were examined to investigate the involvement of hiPSC-derived EVs in stem cell junction and differentiation. RESULTS: The generated hiPSCs, both with and without a MERTK mutation, exhibited normal karyotype and expressed pluripotency markers; however, hiPSCs with a MERTK mutation demonstrated anomalous adhesion capability and differentiation potential, as confirmed by transcriptomic and proteomic profiling. Furthermore, hiPSC-derived EVs were involved in various biological processes, including cell junction and differentiation. CONCLUSION: HiPSCs with a MERTK mutation displayed altered junction characteristics and aberrant differentiation potential. Furthermore, hiPSC-derived EVs played a regulatory role in various biological processes, including cell junction and differentiation.

Photocatalytic toluene oxidation with nickel-mediated cascaded active units over Ni/Bi2WO6 monolayers.

Adsorption and activation of C-H bonds by photocatalysts are crucial for the efficient conversion of C-H bonds to produce high-value chemicals. Nevertheless, the delivery of surface-active oxygen species for C-H bond oxygenation inevitably needs to overcome obstacles due to the separated active centers, which suppresses the catalytic efficiency. Herein, Ni dopants are introduced into a monolayer Bi2WO6 to create cascaded active units consisting of unsaturated W atoms and Bi/O frustrated Lewis pairs. Experimental characterizations and density functional theory calculations reveal that these special sites can establish an efficient and controllable C-H bond oxidation process. The activated oxygen species on unsaturated W are readily transferred to the Bi/O sites for C-H bond oxygenation. The catalyst with a Ni mass fraction of 1.8% exhibits excellent toluene conversion rates and high selectivity towards benzaldehyde. This study presents a fascinating strategy for toluene oxidation through the design of efficient cascaded active units.

MUSTANG: Multi-sample spatial transcriptomics data analysis with cross-sample transcriptional similarity guidance.

Spatially resolved transcriptomics has revolutionized genome-scale transcriptomic profiling by providing high-resolution characterization of transcriptional patterns. Here, we present our spatial transcriptomics analysis framework, MUSTANG (MUlti-sample Spatial Transcriptomics data ANalysis with cross-sample transcriptional similarity Guidance), which is capable of performing multi-sample spatial transcriptomics spot cellular deconvolution by allowing both cross-sample expression-based similarity information sharing as well as spatial correlation in gene expression patterns within samples. Experiments on a semi-synthetic spatial transcriptomics dataset and three real-world spatial transcriptomics datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of MUSTANG in revealing biological insights inherent in the cellular characterization of tissue samples under study.

Structural and chemical study of complex silver patterns additively manufactured by multi-photon reduction.

Multi-photon reduction (MPR) based on femtosecond laser makes rapid prototyping and molding in micro-nano scale feasible, but is limited in material selectivity due to lack of the understanding of the reaction mechanism in MPR process. In this paper, additively manufacturing of complex silver-based patterns through MPR is demonstrated. The effects of laser parameters, including laser pulse energies and scanning speeds, on the structural and chemical characteristics of the printed structures are systematically investigated. The results show that the geometric size of printed cubes deviates from the designed size further by increasing laser pulse energies or decreasing scanning speeds. The reaction mechanism of MPR is revealed by studying the elemental composition and chemical structures of printed cubes. The evolution of Raman spectra upon the laser processing parameters suggests that the MPR process mainly includes two processes: reduction and decomposition. In the MPR process, silver ions are reduced and grow into particles by accepting the electrons from ethonal molecules; meanwhile carboxyl groups in polyvinylpyrrolidone are decomposed and form amorphous carbon that is attached on the surface of silver particles. The conductivity of silver wires fabricated by MPR reaches 2×105 S/m and stays relatively constant as varying their cross section area, suggesting excellent electrical conduction. The understanding of the MPR process would accelerate the development of MPR technology and the implementation of MPR in micro-electromechanical systems could therefore be envisioned.

Gas-Liquid Interface Route to Hybrid Copper Bromine Perovskite Single-Crystal Membrane with Dielectric Transitions and Ferromagnetic Exchanges.

Single-crystal membranes (SCMs) show great promise in the fields of sensors, light-emitting diodes, and photodetection. However, the growth of a large-area single-crystal membranes is challenging. We report a new organic-inorganic SCMs [HCMA]2CuBr4 (HCMA = cyclohexanemethylamine) crystallized at the gas-liquid interface. It also has low-temperature ferromagnetic order, high-temperature dielectric anomalies, and narrow band gap indirect semiconductor properties. Specifically, the reversible phase transition of the compound occurs at 350/341 K on cooling/heating and exhibits dielectric anomalies and stable switching performance near the phase transition temperature. The ferromagnetic exchange interaction in the inorganic octahedra and the organic layer enables ferromagnetic ordering at low-temperature 10 K. Finally, the single crystal exhibits an indirect semiconducting property with a narrow band gap of 0.99 eV. Such rich multichannel physical properties make it a potential application in photodetection, information storage and sensors.

Integrative spatial omics reveals distinct tumor-promoting multicellular niches and immunosuppressive mechanisms in African American and European American patients with TNBC.

Racial disparities in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) outcomes have been reported. However, the biological mechanisms underlying these disparities remain unclear. We integrated imaging mass cytometry and spatial transcriptomics, to characterize the tumor microenvironment (TME) of African American (AA) and European American (EA) patients with TNBC. The TME in AA patients was characterized by interactions between endothelial cells, macrophages, and mesenchymal-like cells, which were associated with poor patient survival. In contrast, the EA TNBC-associated niche is enriched in T-cells and neutrophils suggestive of an exhaustion and suppression of otherwise active T cell responses. Ligand-receptor and pathway analyses of race-associated niches found AA TNBC to be immune cold and hence immunotherapy resistant tumors, and EA TNBC as inflamed tumors that evolved a distinctive immunosuppressive mechanism. Our study revealed the presence of racially distinct tumor-promoting and immunosuppressive microenvironments in AA and EA patients with TNBC, which may explain the poor clinical outcomes.

Benchmarking bioinformatic virus identification tools using real-world metagenomic data across biomes.

BACKGROUND: As most viruses remain uncultivated, metagenomics is currently the main method for virus discovery. Detecting viruses in metagenomic data is not trivial. In the past few years, many bioinformatic virus identification tools have been developed for this task, making it challenging to choose the right tools, parameters, and cutoffs. As all these tools measure different biological signals, and use different algorithms and training and reference databases, it is imperative to conduct an independent benchmarking to give users objective guidance. RESULTS: We compare the performance of nine state-of-the-art virus identification tools in thirteen modes on eight paired viral and microbial datasets from three distinct biomes, including a new complex dataset from Antarctic coastal waters. The tools have highly variable true positive rates (0-97%) and false positive rates (0-30%). PPR-Meta best distinguishes viral from microbial contigs, followed by DeepVirFinder, VirSorter2, and VIBRANT. Different tools identify different subsets of the benchmarking data and all tools, except for Sourmash, find unique viral contigs. Performance of tools improved with adjusted parameter cutoffs, indicating that adjustment of parameter cutoffs before usage should be considered. CONCLUSIONS: Together, our independent benchmarking facilitates selecting choices of bioinformatic virus identification tools and gives suggestions for parameter adjustments to viromics researchers.

Simple and sensitive sandwich-like electrochemical immunosensing strategy for D-dimer based on cyclodextrin-carbon nanotube and nanogold-ferrocene.

D-dimer is a very important biomarker about sepsis, pulmonary thromboembolism and atherosclerosis, thus designing effective and sensitive method for its detection is of great significance. Herein, by synthesizing ß-cyclodextrin-carbon nanotube nanohybrid (CNTs-CD) as the carrier to assemble the initial antibody (Ab1) of D-dimer, immobilizing secondary antibody (Ab2) and sulfydryl ferrocene (Fc) on the nanogold (Au) particles surface as the signaling amplifier (Ab2-Au-Fc), a low cost, simple, sensitive and effective sandwich-like electrochemical immunosensing (SEI) platform of D-dimer was proposed in this work for the first time. Briefly, CNTs shows large specific area and superior electroconductivity, and CD provides high host guest recognition ability that could bound with Ab1; meanwhile, the Fc probe offers stable current response which are proportionable positively to the level of D-dimer. Under the best conditions, the designed SEI platform exhibits prominent analytical performances for D-dimer: low detection limit of 3.0 ng mL-1 and large linearity of 10.0-800.0 ng mL-1. In addition, the selectivity, stability and reproducibility as well as real applications of the proposed SEI assay were evaluated and the obtained results are satisfactory.

Disruption in CYLC1 leads to acrosome detachment, sperm head deformity, and male in/subfertility in humans and mice.

The perinuclear theca (PT) is a dense cytoplasmic web encapsulating the sperm nucleus. The physiological roles of PT in sperm biology and the clinical relevance of variants of PT proteins to male infertility are still largely unknown. We reveal that cylicin-1, a major constituent of the PT, is vital for male fertility in both mice and humans. Loss of cylicin-1 in mice leads to a high incidence of malformed sperm heads with acrosome detachment from the nucleus. Cylicin-1 interacts with itself, several other PT proteins, the inner acrosomal membrane (IAM) protein SPACA1, and the nuclear envelope (NE) protein FAM209 to form an 'IAM-cylicins-NE' sandwich structure, anchoring the acrosome to the nucleus. WES (whole exome sequencing) of more than 500 Chinese infertile men with sperm head deformities was performed and a CYLC1 variant was identified in 19 patients. Cylc1-mutant mice carrying this variant also exhibited sperm acrosome/head deformities and reduced fertility, indicating that this CYLC1 variant most likely affects human male reproduction. Furthermore, the outcomes of assisted reproduction were reported for patients harbouring the CYLC1 variant. Our findings demonstrate a critical role of cylicin-1 in the sperm acrosome-nucleus connection and suggest CYLC1 variants as potential risk factors for human male fertility.

Feeding Appropriate Nutrients during the Adult Stage to Promote the Growth and Development of Carposina sasakii Offspring.

Nutrients consumed during the adult stage are a key factor affecting the growth, development, and reproduction of insect offspring and thus could play an important role in insect population research. However, there is absence of conclusive evidence regarding the direct effects of parental (F0) nutritional status on offspring (F1) fitness in insects. Carposina sasakii Matsumura is a serious, widespread fruit-boring pest that negatively impacts orchards and the agricultural economy across East Asia. In this study, life history data of F1 directly descended from F0C. sasakii fed with seven different nutrients (water as control, 5 g·L-1 honey solution, 10 g·L-1 honey solution, 5 g·L-1 sucrose solution, 10 g·L-1 sucrose solution, 15 g·L-1 sucrose solution, and 20 g·L-1 sucrose solution) were collected under laboratory conditions. The growth and development indices, age-stage specific survival rate, age-stage specific fecundity, age-stage specific life expectancy, age-stage specific reproductive value, and population parameters of these offspring were analyzed according to the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The results showed that the nutritional status of F0 differentially affects the growth, development, and reproduction of F1. The F1 offspring of F0 adult C. sasakii fed with 10 g·L-1 sucrose had significantly higher life table parameters than those of other treatments (intrinsic rate of increase, r = 0.0615 ± 0.0076; finite rate of increase, λ = 1.0634 ± 0.0081; net reproductive rate, R0 = 12.61 ± 3.57); thus, 10 g·L-1 sucrose was more suitable for raising C. sasakii in the laboratory than other treatments. This study not only provides clear evidence for the implications of altering F0 nutritional conditions on the fitness of F1 in insects, but also lays the foundation for the implementation of feeding technologies within the context of a well-conceived laboratory rearing strategy for C. sasakii.