MicroRNA-202 suppresses glycolysis of pancreatic cancer by targeting hexokinase 2.

Purpose: Various studies have identified miR-202 critically participated in the development of different cancers. However, the potential mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer (PC) still remains elusive. Methods: In the study, cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, EdU incorporation assay, Luciferase reporter assay, lactate production, glucose consumption assay, real-time PCR and western blot were used to investigate the mechanism of hexokinase 2 (HK2) regulated by miR-202 in pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. Results: Here we found that miR-202 was decreased in the PC tissues, and its low expression was correlated with a poor prognosis of PC patients. Overexpression of miR-202 in PC cells reduced cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by impairing glycolysis, while downregulation of miR-202 promoted the cells proliferative capacity. Mechanically, we demonstrated that HK2, an enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible rate-limiting step of glycolysis, as the direct target of miR-202. Overexpression of miR-202 suppressed both the mRNA and protein levels of HK2, whereas re-introduction of HK2 abrogated miR-202-mediated glycolytic inhibition. In addition, the expression of miR-202 was negatively associated with HK2 level in a cohort of PC tissues. Conclusion: Our findings validate the mechanism that miR-202 reprograms the metabolic process to promote PC progression, thus providing potential prognostic predictors for PC patients.

Adjuvant Intrahepatic Injection Iodine-131-Lipiodol Improves Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Resection: a Meta-Analysis.

High incidence of intrahepatic recurrence is a major surgical limitation following hepatectomy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was intended to investigate the effects of adjuvant intrahepatic injection of iodine-131-lipiodol on disease recurrence and survival in patients with HCC who underwent resection. A computerized literature search was performed to identify relevant articles. Data synthesis was performed using Review Manager 5.0 software, and results are presented as odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals. Two randomized controlled trials and three case-control studies with a total of 334 participants were analyzed. Iodine-131-lipiodol treatment achieved significantly lower rates of intrahepatic recurrence (OR = 0.48, 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) = 0.30-0.74; P = 0.001) and early recurrence (<2 year) (OR = 0.45, 95 % CI = 0.23-0.89; P = 0.02). Likewise, iodine-131-lipiodol treatment improved both the 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival significantly (OR = 1.85, 95 % CI = 1.13-3.03; P = 0.01; OR = 2.00, 95 % CI = 0.99-4.04; P = 0.05, respectively). Adjuvant intrahepatic injection of iodine-131-lipiodol resulted in a preventive effect on recurrence and improved survival after resection of HCC. Further larger, multi-centred, randomized prospective trial is warranted.

Dexamethasone combined with other antiemetics for prophylaxis after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common and distressing adverse events after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was performed to determine the efficacy and safety of dexamethasone combined with other antiemetic in the prevention of PONV in patients undergoing LC. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify all relevant RCTs. The primary outcome was PONV in the early period (0-3 hours, 0-4 hours, or 0-6 hours), late period (>6 hours), and the overall period (0-24 hours). RESULTS: Nine RCTs with a total of 1089 patients were included in the analysis. Pooled analysis showed that dexamethasone combined with other antiemetics provided significantly better prophylaxis than single antiemetics in the early period [odds ratio (OR): 0.34; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21-0.55; p < 0.001], late period (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.22-0.57; p < 0.001), and the overall period (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.27-0.49; p < 0.001). Correspondingly, rescue antiemetic usage was significantly less in the combination therapy group (OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.12-0.41; p < 0.001). The most frequently reported adverse events were headache, dizziness, and itching. The incidence of adverse events did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Dexamethasone combined with other antiemetics was significantly better than single antiemetics for prophylaxis of PONV in patients undergoing LC, without apparent side effects.

Risk factors for combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma: a hospital-based case-control study.

AIM: To identify risk factors contributing to the development of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) in China. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-six patients with CHC and 4:1 matched healthy controls were interviewed during the period from February 2000 to October 2012. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each risk factor. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that the significant risk factors for CHC development were hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, heavy alcohol consumption, a family history of liver cancer, and diabetes mellitus. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that HBV infection (OR = 19.245, 95%CI: 13.260-27.931) and heavy alcohol consumption (OR = 2.186, 95%CI: 1.070-4.466) were independent factors contributing to the development of CHC. CONCLUSION: HBV infection and heavy alcohol consumption may play a role in the development of CHC in China.

Efficacy of surgical resection for pulmonary metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The lung is one of the most common sites for extrahepatic metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to assess the efficacy of surgical resection for pulmonary metastases from HCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The medical records of 9 patients who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy from HCC at 2 institutions were retrospectively studied, together with a review of studies reporting the outcomes of at least 5 patients in the Chinese and English languages. RESULTS: There were no perioperative deaths or major complications. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rate after surgery was 100%, 44.4%, and 33.3%, respectively. A total of 19 studies involving 443 patients who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy for metastasis of HCC were included in the literature review. The median mortality rate was 0% (range, 0-7.1%). The median survival ranged from 10.7 to 77 (median=33.2) months, and the 5-year overall survival rate ranged from 11.5% to 75% (median=36%). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection is a safe and effective treatment in selected patients with pulmonary metastases from HCC.

Pancreatic fistula after central pancreatectomy: case series and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pancreatic fistula is one of the most common complications after pancreatectomy. This study aimed to assess the occurrence and severity of pancreatic fistula after central pancreatectomy. METHODS: The medical records of 13 patients who had undergone central pancreatectomy were retrospectively studied, together with a literature review of studies including at least five cases of central pancreatectomy. Pancreatic fistula was defined and graded according to the recommendations of the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF). RESULTS: No death was observed in the 13 patients. Pancreatic fistula developed in 7 patients and was successfully treated non-operatively. None of these patients required re-operation. A total of 40 studies involving 867 patients who underwent central pancreatectomy were reviewed. The overall pancreatic fistula rate of the patients was 33.4% (0-100%). Of 279 patients, 250 (89.6%) had grade A or B fistulae of ISGPF and were treated non-operatively, and the remaining 29 (10.4%) had grade C fistulae of ISGPF. In 194 patients, 15 (7.7%) were re-operated upon. Only one patient with grade C fistula of ISGPF died from multiple organ failure after re-operation. CONCLUSION: Despite the relatively high occurrence, most pancreatic fistulae after central pancreatectomy are recognized a grade A or B fistula of ISGPF, which can be treated conservatively or by mini-invasive approaches.

Distal pancreatectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection for pancreatic body-tail cancer: Is it justified?

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of distal pancreatectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection (DP-CAR) for pancreatic body-tail cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The medical records of 12 patients who underwent DP-CAR for pancreatic body-tail cancer were retrospectively studied, together with a literature review of studies including at least 3 cases of DP-CAR. RESULTS: There were no deaths among our 12 cases. Postoperative morbidity developed in 9 cases and was successfully managed by non-surgical treatment. No patients developed ischemic complications. Median overall survival was 10 months. A total of 19 studies involving 203 patients who underwent DP-CAR were included in the literature review. The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 50.2% and 3.0%, respectively. The overall median survival after surgery ranged from 9.3 to 26 months. CONCLUSIONS: DP-CAR is a safe and effective treatment for patients with locally advanced pancreatic body-tail cancer.

Preoperative administration of bevacizumab is safe for patients with colorectal liver metastases.

AIM: To assess the impact of preoperative neoadjuvant bevacizumab (Bev) on the outcome of patients undergoing resection for colorectal liver metastases (CLM). METHODS: Eligible trials were identified from Medline, Embase, Ovid, and the Cochrane database. The data were analyzed with fixed-effects or random-effects models using Review Manager version 5.0. RESULTS: Thirteen nonrandomized studies with a total of 1431 participants were suitable for meta-analysis. There was no difference in overall morbidity and severe complications between the Bev + group and Bev - group (43.3% vs 36.8%, P = 0.06; 17.1% vs 11.4%, P = 0.07, respectively). Bev-related complications including wound and thromboembolic/bleeding events were also similar in the Bev + and Bev - groups (14.4% vs 8.1%, P = 0.21; 4.1% vs 3.8%, P = 0.98, respectively). The incidence and severity of sinusoidal dilation were lower in patients treated with Bev than in patients treated without Bev (43.3% vs 63.7%, P < 0.001; 16.8% vs 46.5%, P < 0.00, respectively). CONCLUSION: Bev can be safely administered before hepatic resection in patients with CLM, and has a protective effect against hepatic injury in patients treated with oxaliplatin chemotherapy.

Single-incision versus conventional laparoscopy for colorectal disease: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) was developed as a novel minimally invasive surgical approach. AIMS: The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare SILS and conventional laparoscopy (CL) for colorectal diseases with respect to perioperative and oncologic outcomes. METHODS: An electronic search was performed to retrieve all relevant articles published in the English language between 2008 and 2012 comparing SILS and CL for colorectal diseases. The data were analyzed with fixed-effect or random-effects models using review manager version 5.0. RESULTS: A total of 14 studies (one randomized controlled trial and 13 nonrandomized controlled trials) were found to be eligible and reported on 1,155 subjects, of whom 521 underwent SILS and 634 underwent CL for colorectal diseases. Concerning the perioperative outcomes, no differences were observed in conversion rate, operating time, and postoperative adverse events; however, patients who underwent SILS had lower blood loss, decreased blood transfusion requirement, shorter time to flatus, shorter hospital stay, and smaller incision. Concerning the oncologic outcomes, length of resected specimens, number of harvested lymph nodes, proximal margin, and distal margin, were comparable between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is a safe, feasible, and oncological efficient alternative to CL for colorectal diseases. Further larger, multi-centred, randomised controlled trial is indicated.