Imaging manifestations of ductal adenoma of the breast: A case report.

Tubular adenomas of the breast are rare benign epithelium-derived tumours, and so few cases have been reported. Most often, the tumours are palpable, well-circumscribed masses in women of childbearing age and are commonly diagnosed as fibroadenomas both clinically and radiographically. We describe the case of a premenopausal patient with tubular adenoma of the breast who presented with small nipple discharge and a palpable breast mass. On imaging, tubular adenomas are practically indistinguishable from fibroadenomas and most commonly present as oval, circumscribed masses that are hypoechoic on ultrasound. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tubular adenomas may present as lobulated or oval masses with a hyperintense signal on T2-weighted imaging and inhomogeneous internal enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Pathologic findings after resection of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of tubular adenoma.

Clarifying the relationship and analyzing the influential factors of bronchial asthma in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

BACKGROUND: Bronchial asthma is closely related to the occurrence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, which can easily have adverse effects on children's learning and social interactions. Studies have shown that childhood asthma can increase the risk of ADHD and the core symptoms of ADHD. Compared with children with ADHD alone, children with asthma and ADHD are more likely to show high levels of hyperactivity, hyperactive-impulsive and other externalizing behaviors and anxiety in clinical practice and have more symptoms of somatization and emotional internalization. AIM: To explore the relationship between ADHD in children and bronchial asthma and to analyze its influencing factors. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Dongying People's Hospital from September 2018 to August 2023. Children diagnosed with ADHD at this hospital were selected as the ADHD group, while healthy children without ADHD who underwent physical examinations during the same period served as the control group. Clinical and parental data were collected for all participating children, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors for comorbid asthma in children with ADHD. RESULTS: Significant differences were detected between the ADHD group and the control group in terms of family history of asthma and allergic diseases, maternal complications during pregnancy, maternal use of asthma and allergy medications during pregnancy, maternal anxiety and depression during pregnancy, and parental relationship status (P < 0.05). Out of the 183 children in the ADHD group, 25 had comorbid asthma, resulting in a comorbidity rate of 13.66% (25/183), compared to the comorbidity rate of 2.91% (16/549) among the 549 children in the control group. The difference in the asthma comorbidity rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that family history of asthma and allergic diseases, maternal complications during pregnancy, maternal use of asthma and allergy medications during pregnancy, maternal anxiety and depression during pregnancy, and parental relationship status are independent risk factors increasing the risk of comorbid asthma in children with ADHD (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Children with ADHD were more likely to have comorbid asthma than healthy control children were. A family history of asthma, adverse maternal factors during pregnancy, and parental relationship status were identified as risk factors influencing the comorbidity of asthma in children with ADHD. Clinically, targeted interventions based on these factors can be implemented to reduce the risk of comorbid asthma. This information is relevant for results sections of abstracts in scientific articles.

Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory in an Alzheimer's disease model.

The complex etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has limited progression in the identification of effective therapeutic agents. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin­1 (PS1) are always overexpressed in AD, and are considered to be the initiators of the formation of ß­amyloid plaques and the symptoms of AD. In the present study, a transgenic AD model, constructed via the overexpression of APP and PS1, was used to verify the protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on memory performance and synaptic plasticity. AD mice (6­month­old) were treated via intraperitoneal injection of 0.1­10 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1. Long­term memory, synaptic plasticity, and the levels of AD­associated and synaptic plasticity­associated proteins were measured following treatment. Memory was measured using a fear conditioning task and protein expression levels were investigated using western blotting. All the data was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance or t­test. Following 30 days of consecutive treatment, memory in the AD mouse model was ameliorated in the 10 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1 treatment group. As demonstrated by biochemical experiments, ginsenoside Rg1 treatment reduced the accumulations of ß­amyloid 1­42 and phosphorylated (p)­Tau in the AD model. Additionally, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and p­TrkB synaptic plasticity­associated proteins were upregulated following ginsenoside Rg1 application. Correspondingly, long­term potentiation (LTP) was restored following ginsenoside Rg1 application in the AD mice model. Taken together, ginsenoside Rg1 repaired hippocampal LTP and memory, likely through facilitating the clearance of AD­associated proteins and through activation of the BDNF­TrkB pathway. Therefore, ginsenoside Rg1 may be a candidate drug for the treatment of AD.