ABSTRACT
Optical information encryption and safety have aroused great attention since they are closely correlated to data protection and information safety. The development of multiple stimuli-response optical materials for constructing large-capacity information encryption and safety is very important for practical applications. Carbon dots (CDs) have many gratifying merits, such as polychromatic emission, diverse luminous categories, and stable physicochemical properties, and are considered as one of the most ideal candidates for information protection. Herein, carbon core, functional groups, solvents, and other crucial factors are reviewed for outputting polychromatic emission of multiple luminous categories. In particular, substrate engineering strategies have been emphasized for their critical role in yielding excellent optical features of multiple luminous categories. High-capacity information encryption and safety strategies are reviewed by relying on the rich optical properties of CDs, such as polychromatic emission, multiple luminous categories of fluorescence, afterglow, and upconversion, as well as external-stimuli-assisted optical changes. Some perspectives for preparing excellent CDs and further developing information security strategies are proposed. This review provides a good reference for the manipulation of polychromatic CDs and the development of next-generation information encryption and safety.
ABSTRACT
Phosphor-based security techniques have received widespread attention because they can rely on fascinating optical properties (including multicolor emission and various luminous categories) to meet information protection requirements. Carbon dots (CDs) with multicolor fluorescence (FL) and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) show enormous potential in advanced information encryption, yet the achievement of tunable multimodal printable CDs confronts numerous challenges. Herein, liquid CDs with color-tunable properties ranging from blue to red are obtained, and the decay time-tunable RTPs of powdered CDs are achieved with a post-treatment of urea in an o-phenylenediamine/H2O/H3PO4 system. Based on various security inks, anti-counterfeiting patterns with multilevel security strength are produced through screen printing technology. Color-tunable security patterns are obtained based on different security inks containing multicolor liquid CDs. The security strength can be boosted by combining the color-tunable properties and dual-mode luminescence of FL and RTP. Furthermore, higher-level anti-counterfeiting is achieved by introducing near-infrared induced upconversion luminescence phosphors into CDs systems. The excellent security performance of gradient information encryption shows that the proposed strategy establishes superior coding capacity for advanced information encryption and provides a good reference for cutting-edge research.
ABSTRACT
Electronic textiles (e-textiles) that combine the wearing comfort of textiles and the functionality of soft electronics are highly demanded in wearable applications. However, fabricating robust high-performance stretchable e-textiles with good abrasion resistance and high-resolution aesthetic patterns for high-throughput manufacturing and practical applications remains challenging. Herein, the authors report a new multifunctional e-textile fabricated via screen printing of the water-based silver fractal dendrites conductive ink. The as-fabricated e-textiles spray-coated with the invisible waterproofing agent exhibit superior flexibility, water resistance, wearing comfort, air permeability, and abrasion resistance, achieving a low sheet resistance of 0.088 Ω sq-1 , high stretchability of up to 154%, and excellent dynamic stability for over 1000 cyclic testing (ε = 100%). The printed e-textiles can be explored as strain sensors and ultralow voltage-driven Joule heaters driven for personalized thermal management. They finally demonstrate an integrated aesthetic smart clothing made of their multifunctional e-textiles for human motion detection and body-temperature management. The printed e-textiles provide new opportunities for developing novel wearable electronics and smart clothing for future commercial applications.
Subject(s)
Wearable Electronic Devices , Electric Conductivity , Electronics , Esthetics , Humans , TextilesABSTRACT
Overcoming the restriction of the energy gap (700-800 cm-1) in Er3+-doped upconversion (UC) materials to achieve high detection accuracy is crucial for practical temperature detection applications. Herein, we design a feasible route based on the different thermal response behaviors of various hosts to enhance the SA value in a double perovskite NaLaMgWO6:Er,Mo system. The maximum SA value is 222.8 × 10-4@423 K in the NLMW:5%Er3+ host, and this can be promoted to 275.4 × 10-4 K-1@323 K in the NaLaMgWO6:Er,Mo system. The SR values decrease monotonously as the temperature rises, and this is due to the dependency of the SR values on the energy gap. A mechanism that is ascribed to the different thermal response behaviors of the various hosts is proposed, and this mechanism is further proved by investigating the temperature sensing properties of barium gadolinium zincate phosphors that possess the same thermal response behaviors. In addition, this study introduces the idea that a host with a high emission intensity for the 2H11/2 level and a lower emission intensity for the 4S3/2 level is highly suitable for temperature measurements. A thorough investigation of this system offers a strategy to acquire a high SA value and reveals the broad prospects of NaLaMgWO6:Er,Mo in the temperature detection field.
