[Effects of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis on olfaction dysfunction in allergic rhinitis].

Objective: To explore the relationship between NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis and olfactory dysfunction (OD) in allergic rhinitis (AR), and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of CY-09, a selective NLRP3 inhibitor for OD. Methods: An AR mouse model was established with ovalbumin, and the olfactory function of AR mice was detected by the buried food pellet test. Mice with OD were intraperitoneally injected with CY-09 or saline. The activation of microglia and astrocytes in olfactory bulb was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression level of pyroptosis associated protein was detected by Western blot. The level of pyroptosis associated proinflammatory factor mRNA was determined by real-time PCR. SPSS 24.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: After the test, ovalbumin successfully established AR mice model, in which 52.5% (21/40) of them showed OD. The number of activated microglia and astroglia in olfactory bulb tissue in OD group were more than those in non-OD group (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) was significantly increased in the olfactory bulb of the OD group (all P<0.05). CY-09 could significantly reduce the level of NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1ß and IL-18 expression, and inhibite the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the olfactory bulb tissues (all P<0.05). Conclusion: NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis is closely related to the OD associated with AR. CY-09 could improve the olfactory function in AR mice, which may be related to blocking the NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis.

[Predictive diagnostic value of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps].

Objective: To compare the value of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-(OH)D3) with other clinical parameters in the prediction and diagnosis of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP). Methods: Eligible chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients and healthy subjects in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from January to April of 2021 were included for this study. The age, gender, past history and other basic characteristics of all subjects were recorded. The CRSwNP patients were classified into ECRSwNP and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (nECRSwNP) endotypes by the percentage of tissue eosinophils. Serum 25-(OH)D3 levels measurements were performed in all subjects. Paranasal sinus CT scans, blood eosinophil counts, and determination of total immunoglobulin E (total IgE), Th1/Th2 plasma cytokines and nasal nitric oxide (nNO) levels were performed before surgery. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the related factors of ECRSwNP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was used to evaluate the predictive potential of the clinical parameters. Results: One hundred and twenty-seven CRSwNP patients and 40 healthy subjects were recruited, including 74 males and 93 females of the patients, with the age of (38.73±13.05) years. In patients with ECRSwNP, serum 25-(OH)D3 levels were significantly lower than those in nECRSwNP patients ((26.14±4.58) ng/ml vs (35.71±7.86) ng/ml, t=-8.564, P<0.01). The prevalence of asthma, prevalence of allergic rhinitis, peripheral blood eosinophil counts, total IgE levels, nNO levels and CT scores ratio for ethmoid sinus and maxillary sinus (E/M ratio) of ECRSwNP patients were significantly higher than those in nECRSwNP patients (all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in Th1/Th2 cytokines levels between the histological types of CRSwNP (all P>0.05). Among the predictive indicators, 25-(OH)D3 had the highest predictive value, with ROC area under curve (AUC) value of 0.882. The best cut-off point of 28.5 ng/ml for 25-(OH)D3 demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.871 and a specificity of 0.762 for ECRSwNP. Conclusion: Measurement of serum 25-(OH)D3 level may be used as an effective method to distinguish between ECRSwNP and nECRSwNP.

Intrinsic Spin Susceptibility and Pseudogaplike Behavior in Infinite-Layer LaNiO_{2}.

The recent discovery of superconductivity in doped infinite-layer nickelates has stimulated intensive interest, especially for similarities and differences compared to that in cuprate superconductors. In contrast to cuprates, although earlier magnetization measurement reveals a Curie-Weiss-like behavior in undoped infinite-layer nickelates, there is no magnetic ordering observed by elastic neutron scattering down to liquid helium temperature. Until now, the nature of the magnetic ground state in undoped infinite-layer nickelates was still elusive. Here, we perform a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment through ^{139}La nuclei to study the intrinsic spin susceptibility of infinite-layer LaNiO_{2}. First, the signature for magnetic ordering or freezing is absent in the ^{139}La NMR spectrum down to 0.24 K, which unambiguously confirms a paramagnetic ground state in LaNiO_{2}. Second, a pseudogaplike behavior instead of Curie-Weiss-like behavior is observed in both the temperature-dependent Knight shift and nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T_{1}), which is widely observed in both underdoped cuprates and iron-based superconductors. Furthermore, the scaling behavior between the Knight shift and 1/T_{1}T has also been discussed. Finally, the present results imply a considerable exchange interaction in infinite-layer nickelates, which sets a strong constraint for the proposed theoretical models.

[Distribution of the anterior corneal astigmatism in over 140 000 patients with age-related cataract].

Objective: To analyze the distribution characteristics of the anterior corneal astigmatism in 140 000 cataract patients from 18 hospitals in China. Methods: Retrospective study. A total of 143 889 patients (143 889 right eyes) over the age of 40 years with age-related catarac were admitted to 18 Aier eye hospitals in China from July 2015 to October 2018. The average values of the three measurements of the magnitude of anterior corneal astigmatism, the meridian of corneal astigmatism, anterior chamber depth, corneal refractive power, and axial length measured by IOLMaster 500 were obtained. The data acquisition method of each sub-center was to collect and analyze the electronic case data in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and to provide them for the sponsor Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital. Non-normal distribution data are presented as M (P25, P75). Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square test were used to analyze the distribution differences of the magnitude of corneal astigmatism and the meridian of corneal astigmatism in gender, age, anterior chamber depth, corneal refractive power and axial length. Results: Among the 143 889 patients, 84 319 were females and 59 570 were males, the median age was 72 (65, 78) years old, the median corneal astigmatism was 0.84 (0.51, 1.33) D; the corneal astigmatism was ≥0.75 D in 80 895 patients (56.22%) and was ≥1.00 D in 57 304 patients (39.83%). The median corneal astigmatism was 0.87 (0.53, 1.37) D in women and 0.82 (0.50, 1.29) D in men; with statistical difference (U=-14.891; P<0.05). The proportion of with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism was 33.26% (28 046/84 319) for women and 34.26% (20 408/59 570) for men; The proportion of against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism was 49.08% (41 385/84 319) for women and 46.91% (27 945/59 570) for men, with statistical difference (χ²=70.913; P<0.05). With the increase of age, the magnitude of corneal astigmatism first decreased from 0.94 (0.57, 1.48) D to 0.75 (0.46, 1.18) D, and then increased to 1.19 (0.74, 1.79) D, with statistical difference (H=1 263.438; P<0.05), and the change was at 61 to 70 years old. With the increase of age, the proportion of WTR astigmatism decreased from 77.50% (396/511) to 12.50% (3/24), the proportion of ATR astigmatism increased from 11.15% (57/511) to 79.07% (34/43), and the proportion of oblique astigmatism changed little from 17.02% (16/94) to 19.92% (245/1 230), the distribution difference was significant (χ²=10 174.496; P<0.05). As the anterior chamber became shallow, the magnitude of corneal astigmatism significantly increased from 0.82 (0.51, 1.31) D to 1.05 (0.61, 1.56) D, and the proportion of ATR astigmatism increased from 47.32% (60 207/127 227) to 51.69% (184/356) (H=409.961, χ²=120.995, both P<0.05). With the corneal refractive power rising, the magnitude of corneal astigmatism increased from 0.80 (0.49, 1.33) D to 0.95 (0.58, 1.53) D, the proportion of ATR astigmatism decreased from 52.84% (4 963/9 392) to 39.97% (9 023/22 577); the difference was significant (H=808.562, χ²=752.147, both P<0.05). When the axial length was>25.00 mm, the magnitude of corneal astigmatism was highest [1.04 (0.62, 1.65) D], and the proportion of ATR astigmatism was also highest [49.00% (10 964/22 376)]; the difference was significant (H=2 071.198, χ²=131.130, all P<0.05). Conclusions: The meridian of corneal astigmatism in middle-aged and elderly cataract patients is mainly ATR astigmatism. With the increasing of age, the magnitude of corneal astigmatism decreases first and then increases. The turning point from the proportion of WTR astigmatism to the proportion of ATR astigmatism is 65 years old. The shallower the anterior chamber is, the more the magnitude of corneal astigmatism and the proportion of ATR astigmatism increase. When the axial length is>25.00 mm, both the magnitude of corneal astigmatism and the proportion of ATR astigmatism reach the peak. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 56-62).

[Effectiveness of spirolactone on the treatment of laryngeal edema and complications after H-uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for patients with obstructive sleep apnea].

Objective:To determine whether taking spirolactone orally after H-UPPP may relieve laryngeal edema and complications for patients with obstructive sleep apnea（OSA）. Method:Fifty patients with OSA to undergo H-UPPP operation were randomly divided equally to the intervention group（taking spirolactone 20 mg orally twice a day for 7 days after H-UPPP） or the control group, all patients received conventional therapy after H-UPPP including anti-infection, hemostatic treatment, fluid replacement and expectorant by fogged absorption. The pharyngeal wound, diet, sleep and speaking pronunciation of all patients in each group were evaluated every other day in 7 days postoperation. The minimum oxygen saturation of blood（SaO2） during sleep at night each day and the period needed for staphyledema resolution of all patients were recorded and compared between each group. Result:Postoperatively, the intervention group had significantly slighter bleeding at wound site, better sleep and more legible speaking pronunciation than the control group after 3 days to 5 days（P<0.05）. The wound dehiscence of the intervention group was significantly slighter than the control group within 7 days after operation（P<0.05）. During 3 days to 7days after operation, the intervention group had a significantly better diet than the control group（P<0.05）. The average minimum SaO2during sleep at night in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group from 3 days to 5 days post operation（P<0.05）. Period needed for staphyledema resolution in the intervention group（4.1±1.5） days was significantly shorter than that in the control group（5.9±1.8） days （P<0.05）. Conclusion:Taking spirolactone orally after H-UPPP may relieve laryngeal edema and complications for OSA patients, and it will also shorten the period needed for staphyledema resolution.

[Clinical analysis of peri-operative gastrointestinal complications after endovascular and open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm].

Objective: To investigate the etiology, treatment method and prevention of gastrointestinal complications(GCs) after endovascular and open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Methods: The clinical data of 716 cases who were diagnosed as AAA and underwent endovascular(EVAR) or open repair (OR) from Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University April 2009 to March 2017 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. There were 608 males (84.9%)and 108 females(15.1%), aging of 69.4 years (range: 52-86 years). There were 539 cases(75.3%) underwent EVAR and 177 cases(24.7%) underwent OR. The morbidity of GCs and mortality of GCs, such as acute pancreatitis, cholecystitis, ischemic colitis, intestinal obstruction and peptic ulcer, between EVAR and OR group were compared. The treatment of the GCs and the prognosis of the patients were reported. Results: The morbidity of GCs in EVAR and OR group were 4.6%(25/539)and 35.0%(62/177), respectively. There were 10 cases and 28 cases suffering from acute pancreatitis in EVAR and OR group, respectively; 4 cases and 6 cases suffering from cholecystitis in the two groups; 6 cases and 13 cases suffering from ischemic colitis in the two groups; 5 cases suffering from intestinal obstruction in OR group; 5 cases and 10 cases suffering from peptic ulcer in the two groups. Two patients died in EVAR group, and the peri-operative mortality was 0.37%, one died of ischemic colitis with acute myocardial infarction, the other died of ischemic colitis with septic shock. Six patients died in OR group, and the peri-operative mortality was 3.39%, two patients died of acute pancreatitis with intestinal necrosis, one patient died of cholangitis with peritonitis and septic shock, three patients died of ischemic colitis with acute renal failure or septicemia. Conclusions: The etiology of peri-operative GCs after AAA repair may include inferior mesenteric artery occlusion or ligation, pancreas injury, organ hypoperfusion and so on.

[Analysis of risk factors for cerebrovascular complications after carotid endarterectomy].

Objective: To evaluate the related risk factors of cerebrovascular complications after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and to improve the efficacy of CEA in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Methods: The clinical data of 295 patients with atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis who underwent CEA in the Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2013 to March 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: As the results of the single-factor analysis of logistics, severe lower limb artery stenosis (RR=5.667, P=0.017), systolic blood pressure before the carotid artery clamping (RR=6.659, P=0.010), diastolic blood pressure before the carotid artery clamping (RR=3.981, P=0.046), stump pressure (RR=5.359, P=0.021), diastolic blood pressure after surgery (RR=9.550, P=0.002), diastolic blood pressure of the first day after surgery (RR=7.932, P=0.005) were influencing factors of postoperative cerebrovascular complications after CEA. The results of multi-factor analysis of logistic regression indicated that diastolic blood pressure before the carotid artery clamping (RR=0.953, P=0.024) and stump pressure to basic systolic blood pressure index (SSI)>0.25 (RR=0.086, P=0.049) were independent risk factors for postoperative cerebrovascular complications after CEA. Conclusion: Systolic blood pressure before carotid artery clamping and SSI>0.25 are independent risk factors for postoperative cerebrovascular complications after CEA. Close follow-up and drug treatment for patients after CEA might be beneficial to reduce postoperative carotid artery restenosis.

[Surgical treatment for inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in genito-urinary system: a study of 15 cases].

Objective: To present 15 cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) in genitor-urinary system, and analyze the characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods: The diagnostic and therapeutic process of 15 confirmed cases admitted to Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between March 2009 and September 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Of the total cases, 11 cases were diagnosed with cystic IMT with a maximum diameter of 1.0-4.5 cm, 8 cases underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT)and 4 of them underwent partial cystectomy after TURBT and 3 underwent partial cystectomy directly. Two cases were renal IMT with a maximum diameter of 4.0-9.0 cm, one underwent partial nephrectomy and the other accepted radical nephrectomy. One case who was diagnosed with prostatic IMT with a maximum diameter of 3.4 cm underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and postoperative radiotherapy. One case who was diagnosed with perineal IMT with a maximum diameter of 2.1 cm underwent tumor resection. Results: The patients were followed up for 10-32 months with a median time of 27 months. No cases relapsed during the follow-up. Conclusion: Surgery is the preferred method for treating IMT in genitor-urinary system. Retrospective study shows a good prognosis in IMT patients, but a long-term follow-up is still required.

[Characteristics of acute myocardial infarction caused by spontaneous coronary artery dissection in young female patients].

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of acute myocardial infarction caused by spontaneous coronary artery dissection(SCAD) in young female patients. Methods: In this casecontrolstudy,127 young(≤55 years) female patients with acute myocardial infarction onset within 1 week in Nanjing first hospital, Xuzhou central hospital, affiliated hospital of Xuzhou medical university, and Lianyungang first people's hospital were enrolled between January 2013 and February 2017,and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. According to their clinical manifestations and coronary angiography(CAG) results,the patients were divided into coronary atherosclerosis disease(CAD) group(CAG evidenced atherosclerosis, n=83) and SCAD group(CAG detected coronary artery dissection,n=44).The SCAD patients were subdivided into definite group (the results affirmed from intravenous ultrasound or optical coherence tomography, n=21) and probable group (the CAG results highly confirmed to characteristics of SCAD,but no intravenous ultrasound or optical coherence tomography image affirmation,n=23). Then, according to the different treatment strategies, the SCAD patients were subdivided into conservative treatment group(treated with drugs,n=19) and interventional therapy group(treated with percutaneous coronary intervention,n=25). Results: (1)Compared to CAD group, patients in the SCAD group had less risk factors, such as hypertension history (25.0% (11/44) vs. 45.8% (38/83) , P=0.022) and diabetes history (6.8% (3/44) vs. 21.7% (18/83) , P=0.043),and had lower levels of fasting blood glucose (5.34(4.59,5.87) mmol/L vs. 7.12(5.18,8.60)mmol/L, P=0.001),total cholesterol((3.94±1.14) mmol/L vs. (4.91±1.50) mmol/L, P=0.001),triglyceride(1.42 (0.91,1.64) mmol/L vs. 1.89 (1.23,2.45) mmol/L, P=0.005),and low density lipoprotein cholesterol ((2.24±0.91) mmol/L vs. (2.94±1.16) mmol/L, P=0.001),CAG results showed that patients in the SCAD group had more single vessel lesion (88.6% (39/44) vs. 39.8% (33/83) , P=0.001), and their target lesion stenosis was less severe ( (79.2±22.4) % vs. (91.5±12.1) %, P=0.001). (2) The clinical risk factors such as hypertension history, diabetes history, smoking history, family history of cardiology disease, fasting blood glucose,total cholesterol,triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were similar between definite group and probable group (all P>0.05). CAG results showed that prevalence of single vessel lesion (100% (21/21) vs. 78.3% (18/23) , P=0.050) and percent of target lesion stenosis ( (76.9±20.6) % vs. (81.2±24.1) %, P=0.529) were similar between definite group and probable group.(3)There were no significant difference in single vessel(84.0% (21/25) vs. 94.7% (18/19) , P=0.370), target lesion stenosis(85.0(70.0,100.0)% vs. 75.0(50.0,90.0)%, P=0.186),and survival rates in hospital(96.0% (24/25) vs. 100% (19/19) , P=1.000) between interventional therapy group and conservative treatment group. Conclusions: Prevalence of SCAD is highin young female patients with acute myocardial infarction. Acute myocardial infarction patients with less risk factors of CAD and with CAG showing smooth lesion of narrowing segment and normal finding in the other vessels, are more likely to be diagnosed with SCAD.Acute myocardial infarction patients caused by SCAD have high survival rate either receiving percutaneous coronary intervention or drug treatment.

[The effect of tri-modality therapy on the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer].

Objective: To explore the effect of radical TURBT combing with concomitant chemo-radiotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Methods: From 2010 to 2015, 73 patients were diagnosed as MIBC, in which 28 patients (TMT Group) received tri-modality bladder sparing treatment, including 21 males and 7 females, mean age (68.9±8.9) yr. There were 16 cases of T(2), 12 cases of T(3). 45 patients (RC Group) received radical cystectomy (RC), including 32 males and 13 females, mean age (66.3±9.6) yr. There were 25 cases of T(2), 18 cases of T(3) and 2 cases of T(4a). The effect of two treatment modality and influence for patient's life quality were retrospective analysis. Results: The overall survival (OS) rate of TMT group was 64.3%, cancer specific survival (CSS) rate was 78.6%. And the OS rate of RC group was 66.7%, CSS rate was 82.2%. There was no statistical difference between two groups. The life quality of TMT group was better than that of RC group. Conclusion: In strict control of indication criterion, rigorous postoperative follow-up and timely salvage radical cystectomy, tri-modality therapy can be used as a new option of muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

[The application value of suppression head pulse paradigm (SHIMP) in vestibular examination].

Objective:To summarize different results of suppression head impulse paradigm (SHIMP) and head impulse paradigm (HIMP) in patients with bilateral and unilateral vestibular loss and to evaluate the practicability of SHIMP in clinical vestibular examination. Method: Seventy subjects with unilateral vestibular loss, bilateral vestibular loss and healthy were included. Morphological characteristics of HIMP and SHIMP results were analyzed. The differences of VOR gains were compared with the paired t test. Result: Almost all SHIMP showed anti-compensatory saccades in healthy group. Less anti-compensatory saccades occurred in the affected side of patient with vestibular loss. The VOR gains showed there was a significant correlation(P<0.05) between HIMP and SHIMP. Conclusion: Different to compensatory saccades in HIMP indicate potential loss in vestibular function, anti-compensatory saccades in SHIMP shows vestibular function in patients. The combination of these two mthods will benefit disease screening and vestibular rehabilitation in clinical examination.

[The role of estrogen related-receptor γ and ATP-dependent K(+) channel Kcnj1 in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury].

Objective: To investigate the correlation between estrogen related-receptorγ (ERRγ) and ATP-dependent K(+) channel Kcnj1 in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and its possible role in regulating ischemic preconditioning. Methods: The expression of ERRγ in kidney tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expressions of ERRγ and Kcnj1 in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) under hypoxia (1% O(2)) were detected by RT-PCR. The ERRγ-deficient heterozygous mice model and the ERRγ-deficient completely mice model were established. The pretreatedischemia-reperfusion model were constructed in wild-type mice, ERRγ-deficient heterozygous mice and ERRγ-deficient completely mice, respectively. Renal injury was observed under a light microscope with PAS staining. ERRγ and Kcnj1 were tested by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Results: ERRγ in mice kidney tissue was mainly expressed in renal tubules, and the expressions of ERRγ and Kcnj1 were decreased 59% and 29.5% respectively after hypoxia in the renal tubular cells (HK-2). In the animal model, the expressions of ERRγ and Kcnj1 were decreased 31.9% and 11% in early ischemic mice kidney tubular cells of wild type. The expressions of ERRγ and Kcnj1 in renal tubular cells were decreased 33.2% and 19.1% after ischemia and reperfusion. When ERRγ were overexpressed in renal tubular cells, ERRγ was increased by 89%, and the expression of Kcnj1 was increased by 72.5%. The expression of Kcnj1 was decreased by 75.7% in ERRγ-deficient completely mice. However, Kcnj1 expression in renal tissue of ERR-γ-deficient mice was stable, but ischemic preconditioning failed to interfere with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Conclusion: ERRγ-Kcnj1 is closely related to ischemic preconditioning and protects renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, and may be one of the regulatory factors. To explore the protective effect of the regulating pathway on ischemia reperfusion injury couldprovide a theoretical basis for the development of drug pretreatment.

Identification and molecular mapping of indica high-tillering dwarf mutant htd4, a mild phenotype allelic mutant of D14 in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Metabolism of strigolactones (SLs) can improve the efficiency of nutrient use by regulating the development of roots and shoots in crops, making them an important research focus for molecular breeding. However, as a very important plant hormone, the molecular mechanism of SL signal transduction still remains largely unknown. In this study, we isolated an indica high-tillering dwarf mutant 4 (htd4), a spontaneous mutant of rice, from the restorer line Gui99. Mapping and sequencing analysis showed that htd4 was a novel allelic mutant of D14, in which a single base substitution forms a premature termination codon. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed that expression levels of the genes D10, D17, D27, D3 and D14 increased significantly, while expression of D53 decreased in htd4, compared with the wild type. A subcellular localisation assay showed that the mutant of D14 in htd4 did not disturb the normal localisation of D14 proteins. However, a BiFC assay suggested that the mutant-type D14 could not interact with D3. Additionally, compared with other D14 allelic mutants, htd4 was the first mutant of D14 discovered in indica, and the differences in many yield traits such as plant height, seed-setting rate and grain sizes between htd4 and the wild type were less than those between other D14 allelic mutants and the wild type. Therefore, htd4 is considered a mild phenotype allelic mutant of D14. We conclude that the absence of functional D14 caused the high-tillering dwarf phenotype of htd4. Our results may provide vital information for research on D14 function and the application of htd4 in molecular breeding.

[Correlation between serum inflammatory cytokine levels and fibrous cap thickness of fibrofatty plaque in coronary culprit lesions].

Objective: To identify the correlation between serum inflammatory cytokine levels including high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and lipoprotein associated phospholipase (Lp-PLA2) and the fibrous cap thickness of fibrofatty plaque in coronary culprit lesions. Methods: Clinical data of 117 patients with selective coronary artery angiography diagnosed coronary artery disease admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to January 2016 were retrospective analyzed. According to type of coronary disease, patients were divided into 3 subgroups: SAP group (containing 47 stable angina patients), UAP group (containing 52 unstable angina patients), and NSTEMI group(containing 18 acute non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients). Serum hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2 levels were measured before subsequent procedures. The characteristics of the culprit lesions were detected by optical coherence tomogarpgy(OCT) before interventional treatment, and the correlation between hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2 and the fibrous cap thickness of fibrofatty plaque in coronary culprit lesions were analyzed. Results: (1) The serum levels of hs-CRP (2.13(1.04, 4.75)µg/L vs. 1.02(0.60, 1.29)µg/L and 1.30(1.03, 1.96)µg/L, all P<0.05) and Lp-PLA2 ((394.8±61.4)mg/L vs. (140.1±40.4)mg/L and (284.5±93.6)mg/L, all P<0.05) were significantly higher in NSTEMI group than in SAP group and UAP group, and serum levels of hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2 were significantly higher in UAP group than in SAP group (all P<0.05). (2)The fibrous cap thickness of fibrofatty plaque in coronary culprit lesions were smaller in NSTEMI group and UAP group than in SAP group(50(50, 60)µm and 60(50, 90)µm vs. 130(80, 190)µm, all P<0.05), and there was no significantly difference between NSTEMI group and UAP group(P>0.05). Proportion of thin-cap fibroatheroma plaque(82.35%(14/18) vs. 19.15%(9/47) and 63.46%(33/52), all P<0.05), plaque rupture(55.56%(10/18)vs. 6.38%(3/47) and 28.85%(15/52), all P<0.05) and thrombosis(33.33%(6/18) vs. 4.26%(2/47) and 9.26%(5/52), all P<0.05) were significantly higher in NSTEMI group than in SAP group and UAP group. Proportion of calcifiacation in plaque was lower in NSTEMI group than in SAP group (11.11%(2/18)vs. 42.55%(20/47), P<0.05), and there was no significantly difference between NSTEMI group and UAP group(P>0.05). (3) Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum levels of hs-CRP(r=-0.233, P<0.05) and Lp-PLA2(r=-0.465, P<0.01)were negatively correlated with fibrous cap thickness of fibrofatty plaques. Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum levels of hs-CRP were positively correlated with plaque rupture(r=0.409, P<0.01) and thrombosis (r=0.227, P<0.05), and serum levels of Lp-PLA2 were also positively correlated with plaque rupture(r=0.499, P<0.01) and thrombosis(r=0.263, P<0.01). (4)Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that serum levels of Lp-PLA2 at baseline was independently related to thin-cap fibroatheroma plaque(OR=1.017, P<0.01). Conclusions: The serum levels of hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2 in NSTEMI patients are much higher than that in SAP and UAP patients, higher in UAP patients than in SAP patients. Prevalence of thin-cap fibroatheroma plaque, plaque rupture and thrombosis was significantly higher in the NSTEMI patients, while the prevalence of calcification in plaque is more often in SAP patients. Increased serum levels of Lp-PLA2 are independent risk factor of thin-cap fibroatheroma plaque formation.

Biological interaction between sleep quality and depression in type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the interaction of sleep quality and depression among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: With multistage cluster sampling, the living quality of all participants was investigated. The indicator of interaction was calculated according to the delta method and non-conditional logistic regression model. RESULTS: There were 944 residents involved in the final analysis including 365 males and 579 females. The average age was (64 ± 10.2) years. The rate of poor sleep quality and poor sleep quality combined depression were 33.6% and 40.1%, respectively. Due to poor sleep quality and depression in patients with T2DM, the combined interaction index was 2.48 (95% CI 1.44-4.29), the relative excess risk was 3.42 (95% CI 2.16-4.67), and the attributable proportion was 0.51 (95% CI 0.32-0.70). CONCLUSIONS: An additive interaction rather than a multiplicative interaction of poor sleep quality and depression in affecting the quality of life was found in T2DM patients. When both factors existed at the same time, the interaction effect of these 2 factors was greater than the sum of the two factors.