The impact of centralized band purchasing of pharmaceuticals on innovation of Chinese pharmaceutical firms: an empirical study based on double difference models.

In 2018, China began to gradually promote the pilot policy of centralized band purchasing of medicines. Implementing this policy has resulted in a significant decrease in drug prices. However, there needs to be a clear consensus on the impact and mechanism of action on the innovation of pharmaceutical companies. Therefore. Taking the data of Chinese Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share pharmaceutical listed companies from 2016 to 2022 as a sample, this paper empirically investigates the impact of the centralized banded purchasing policy of drugs on the innovation of pharmaceutical enterprises by using a double difference model and further analyzes the mechanism of its action. The results show that implementing the centralized banded purchasing policy can promote pharmaceutical enterprises' innovation input and output, which is robust under the parallel trend and placebo tests. Further exploring the impact mechanism of the centralized band purchasing policy on pharmaceutical enterprises' innovation, it can be found that it promotes innovation inputs through three channels: government subsidies, enterprise profits, and operating income. In addition, the impact of centralized band purchasing on enterprise innovation is heterogeneous in terms of region, enterprise nature, and scale. Therefore, the positive effects of the centralized band purchasing policy on promoting innovation in pharmaceutical enterprises should be fully recognized, and enterprise heterogeneity should be taken into account when implementing the policy. This study provides empirical evidence on the implementation effect of the centralized banded purchasing policy and provides lessons for continuously optimizing the policy to promote the high-quality development of pharmaceutical enterprises.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus among women with cervical lesions in Shenzhen city, China.

There is currently a lack of sufficient data on human papillomavirus (HPV)-attributable cervical carcinoma in China. Accordingly, we aimed to determine the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV among women with cervical lesions in Shenzhen, in order to evaluate the potential benefit of HPV vaccination programs and inform cervical cancer control policies. We enrolled 5,255 patients who were admitted to the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019. The HPV prevalence and genotype distribution were analyzed using the 21 HPV GenoArray diagnostic assay. A total of 937/5,255 patients showed HPV-positivity (prevalence rate 17.83%), of whom 85.81% (804/937) had high-risk HPV infection. HPV52 was the most prevalent genotype (4.72%, 248/5,255), followed by HPV58 (3.04%, 160/5,255), and HPV16 (2.72%, 143/5,255). The HPV prevalence rates among women with a normal cervix, low-grade intraepithelial lesions, high-grade intraepithelial lesions, invasive cervical cancer, and other characteristics were 15.63% (50/320), 58.65% (61/104), 80.00% (44/55), 88.57% (31/35), and 15.84% (751/4,741), respectively. HPV16, HPV18, and HPV52 accounted for the majority of cervical lesions, and the infection rates of HPV16 and HPV18 gradually increased with intraepithelial lesion progression (both P < .001). Our study found that HPV16, HPV52, and HPV18 played important roles in the occurrence and development of cervical lesions. This finding has the potential to guide the formulation of HPV screening and vaccination programs and preventive strategies for HPV-attributable cancer in this region.