Subject(s)
Alcoholism/complications , Brain Damage, Chronic/etiology , Brain/pathology , Ethanol/adverse effects , Sex Characteristics , Alcoholism/metabolism , Alcoholism/pathology , Animals , Brain/metabolism , Brain Damage, Chronic/metabolism , Brain Damage, Chronic/pathology , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Ethanol/pharmacology , Female , Humans , Hydrocortisone/metabolism , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Neurons/metabolism , Neurons/pathology , Rats , Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism , Spermidine/metabolismABSTRACT
Biologists studying whether providing habitat for one wide-ranging species would protect another--the so-called umbrella effect--have found limited overlap between prime grizzly habitat and that of threatened fish, and grizzly conservation programs here may even be hurting the fish. Researchers are now grappling with how best to conserve habitat for multiple species.
Subject(s)
Conservation of Natural Resources , Ecosystem , Fishes , Ursidae , Animals , Montana , Northwestern United StatesABSTRACT
Scientists are now saying that a combination of interacting factors--including forest fragmentation, logging, and El Niño-driven drought--has altered the fire regimes of tropical forests and is changing regional climates and reconfiguring the landscape. These interactions are synergistic, they say--that is, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. The concept provides a new paradigm for understanding the dynamics of fragmented rainforests and for approaching their conservation.
Subject(s)
Conservation of Natural Resources , Ecosystem , Trees , Borneo , Brazil , Climate , Disasters , Fires , IndustrySubject(s)
Linguistics , Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander , Cognition , Humans , Northern Territory , Speech , Thinking , Verbal Learning , VocabularyABSTRACT
For several years now, road runoff and erosion stemming in part from the operations of the Plum Creek Timber Co. have choked Elk Creek, known as the best bull trout spawning stream in the West, with sediment, raising fears of even further decline in this endangered species. Now, in an effort to mitigate its harmful effects and avert regulatory action, Plum Creek has designed a Native Fish Habitat Conservation Plan covering 17 fish species, including the bull trout.
Subject(s)
Science/education , Biological Evolution , Curriculum , Kansas , New Mexico , Religion and ScienceSubject(s)
DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Genetics, Population , Sequence Deletion , Anthropology , Genetic Variation , Humans , Language , Melanesia , PolynesiaSubject(s)
Biological Evolution , Mutation , Sex , Animals , Base Sequence , Female , Genome, Human , Humans , Male , Recombination, Genetic , Reproduction, Asexual , Rotifera/genetics , Rotifera/physiology , Selection, GeneticSubject(s)
Arabidopsis/microbiology , Genes, Bacterial , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/pathogenicity , Animals , Burns/complications , Caenorhabditis elegans/microbiology , Mice , Pseudomonas Infections/complications , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics , Virulence/geneticsSubject(s)
Chickens/virology , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Influenza A virus/pathogenicity , Influenza in Birds/epidemiology , Animals , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Influenza A virus/genetics , Influenza A virus/immunology , Influenza in Birds/prevention & control , Influenza in Birds/virology , Mexico/epidemiology , Mutation , Viral Vaccines , VirulenceABSTRACT
A study was conducted to compare the Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization of 21 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and 22 healthy controls. It was found that the total aerobe count (total CFU/cm2), the S. aureus fraction thereof and the S. aureus carrier frequency were significantly higher in apparently normal skin of AD patients than in healthy individuals. In addition, compared to normal skin of patients S. aureus density was 100 to 1,000 times higher in the 3 different kinds of lesional skin (dermatitic, lichenified and impetiginized sites). 190 S. aureus strains isolated from the skin of AD patients were tested for sensitivity to 5 topically used antibiotics and the results reported. Besides the biological consequences for the person affected by AD this severe colonization with S. aureus is of epidemiological importance. Several outbreaks of S. aureus infections by dispersal from dermatitic skin have been described. Therefore some preventive and therapeutic aspects are discussed.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Atopic/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology , Humans , Skin/microbiologyABSTRACT
The skin of patients with atopic dermatitis is heavily colonized with S. aureus, and their immune response to S. aureus shows some particular features: (1) A selective hyporesponsiveness to purified S. aureus cell walls in delayed type hypersensitivity skin reactions. (2) The presence of IgE to cell walls and soluble antigens of S. aureus in patients with high serum IgE levels. (3) Elevated cell wall IgE do not correlate with positive immediate skin reactions to whole S. aureus and their cell walls. (4) Regional lymphadenopathy but not impetiginization is associated with high total IgE and S. aureus cell wall IgE. We suggest that these changes in the immune response to S. aureus are related to the chronic S. aureus colonization of the skin.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology , Immunoglobulin E/analysis , Staphylococcus aureus/immunology , Adult , Cell Wall/immunology , Female , Humans , Hypersensitivity, Delayed , Hypersensitivity, Immediate , Male , Skin Tests , Tetanus Toxoid/immunologyABSTRACT
The skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) is severely colonized with Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, a study was conducted to assess some basic features of the S. aureus-specific immune response in patients with AD and healthy nonatopic individuals. Some particular features were found: a selective hyporesponsiveness to purified S. aureus cell walls (PCW) in delayed skin reactivity; half of our AD patients showed serum IgE to PCW and soluble S. aureus protoplast antigens; elevated PCW-IgE did not correlate with positive immediate skin reactions to whole S. aureus and their cell walls; regional lymphadenopathy but not impetiginization was associated with increased PCW-IgE and high total IgE. It is suggested that these changes in the immune response to S. aureus are related to the chronic S. aureus colonization of the skin.
