Early childbearing in Honduras: a continuing challenge.

(1) Honduras has the highest adolescent birthrate in Central America, at 137 births for every 1,000 15-19-year-olds. This rate has remained unchanged over the past two decades, despite declines in the birthrate among women in all other age-groups. In absolute numbers, births to adolescents increased by 50% between 1987 and 2001. (2) As of 2001, only one-third of all women aged 20-24 (and only one-seventh of those in rural areas) had completed primary school; less education is associated with a higher likelihood of early childbearing. (3) One-half of 20-24-year-olds give birth by age 20; this proportion is higher among the least-educated women (70%), the poorest women (64%) and those in rural areas (60%). (4) In 2001, 40% of all recent adolescent births were unplanned, and the highest proportion was among those with the most education (48%). Most sexually active 15-19-year-olds (70%) do not want to have a child in the next two years. (5) Despite these reproductive preferences, just one in three sexually active adolescents uses a modern contraceptive method. Overall, 48% of adolescents have an unmet need for effective contraception. (6) High levels of early childbearing coexist with low rates of professional prenatal and delivery care. In 2001, one-third of recent 15-24-year-old mothers did not make a single prenatal care visit. The same proportion gave birth without a medical professional in attendance. (7) Policies and programs that aim to promote adolescents' reproductive health and support their childbearing preferences exist, but they are often not fully implemented and need more official commitment and resources.

Early childbearing in Nicaragua: a continuing challenge.

(1) Among Nicaraguan women 20-24 years old, six in 10 had entered a union and almost half had had a child before their 20th birthday. (2) A quarter of all births in Nicaragua--35,000 per year--are to 15-19-year-olds. (3) Rural women, who have less education, on average, than their urban counterparts, are more likely than city dwellers to enter a union and become mothers during adolescence. (4) The proportion of 20-24-year-olds who had a child during adolescence is more than twice as high among the poorest as among those in the highest socioeconomic category. (5) Nearly half--45%--of births to adolescent women are unplanned, a level that varies little by women's urban-rural residence and their educational achievement. (6) Among all sexually active women aged 15-19 (in union and not in union), 86% do not want a child in the next two years, and 36% have an unmet need for effective contraception. Unmet need for family planning is equally high in urban and rural areas. (7) The strong link between low educational attainment and early motherhood suggests that improving educational opportunities for girls is a promising way of reducing high levels of adolescent childbearing in Nicaragua.

Manual del administrador de planificación familiar: técnicas para mejorar la gestión de programas

Este capítulo trata de los aspectos de la selección, manejo y administración de los recursos humanos, incluyendo su motivación y evaluación

Supervisión y apoyo al personal / Supervision of and support to personnel

En este capítulo, se discuten las bases de una efectiva supervisión y se enfocan los temas de manejo de conflictos, la retroalimentación, la identificación y manejo de problemas de baja productividad. Se ofrecen asimismo, herramientas de supervisión de personal que pueden ser utilizadas directamente o adaptadas a sus requerimientos específicos

Desarrollo de personal y capacitación para un desempeño efectivo / Staff development and training for an efficient performance

Ayuda a determinar las necesidades de capacitación, a diseñar un plan y programa de capacitación y a preparar e implementar la evaluación y el seguimiento de este proceso

Adolescentes de hoy, padres del mañana: Perú

Suministra información a los responsables del diseño, planificación y ejecución de políticas y programas educativos, de empleo de salud, tendientes a mejorar las condiciones y el nivel de vida de los adolescentes

Unintended Pregnancy And Induced Abortion In Uganda: Causes and Consequences

Because abortion is banned in Uganda (except to save a woman's life) and because strong social stigma surrounds the issue; many women try to conceal their unplanned pregnancies and abortions.The clandestine nature of abortion makes it difficult to measure its incidence in Uganda and allows policymakers to avoid dealing with the problem. Yet the serious health consequences of abortions carried out in unsafe conditions by untrained or poorly trained practitioners impose a heavy burden on women; families and Uganda's already overburdened health care system. Studies of womenhospitalized for the treatment of complications from unsafe abortion have documented the tragic burden of morbidity and death borne by many Ugandan women. New research findings now make it possible to fill in the many gaps in our understanding of the prevalence; causes and consequences of induced abortion in Uganda