ABSTRACT
Private voluntary social welfare organizations (PVSOs) are operating under increasingly competitive conditions. "Strategic Planning" (SP) is a management tool designed to meet those conditions. In an exploratory study of 154 PVSOs the authors examined management's reasons for adopting strategic planning, the attention given to external analysis, and the degree of change and satisfaction achieved. PVSOs use SP because they are required/urged to do so by external agencies. External analysis received the least attention. One-half of the organizations achieved major change which was associated with high levels of satisfaction. Widespread stakeholder participation and the use of consensus strategies detracted from both major change and high satisfaction outcomes.
Subject(s)
Planning Techniques , Social Welfare , Voluntary Health Agencies/organization & administration , Economic Competition , Statistics as Topic , Surveys and Questionnaires , United StatesABSTRACT
A woman who had appeared suitable for psychoanalysis was persistently unable to develop an analyzable transference. Her history, as it unfolded during analysis, suggested a form of atypical depression linked to a neurochemical abnormality, which appeared to be related to her reluctance to take the emotional risk involved in examining transference phenomena. The analysis was modified by a trial of phenelzine. Changes within the analysis and in the patient's private life after the drug trial ended support the hypothesis that her affective vulnerability had inhibited her ability to engage in analysis of transference before the administration of the drug.
Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder/drug therapy , Phenelzine/therapeutic use , Psychoanalytic Therapy , Transference, Psychology , Adult , Defense Mechanisms/drug effects , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Female , Humans , Phenelzine/pharmacology , Psychoanalytic InterpretationABSTRACT
The apparent reluctance among analysts to begin an analysis with a patient beyond his or her fifth decade, a view first articulated by Freud, is examined as an instance of counter-transference resistance. Although there is no greater consensus among analysts than the continuing necessity of self-analysis irrespective of age, it is an attitude which does not appear to be so readily extended to the older prospective analysand. This report examines counter-transference issues within the context of a seven year classical analysis of an older female who began an analysis at the end of her sixth decade. The case illustrates the timelessness of psychological conflicts at all levels and the particular character of the analyst's counter-transferences that surfaced listening to the material of this older analysand.
Subject(s)
Countertransference , Psychoanalytic Therapy , Age Factors , Conflict, Psychological , Dreams , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Motivation , Psychoanalytic Interpretation , Somatoform Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
Factors and situations associated with alcohol use in a sample of rural junior and senior high school students are examined. Much research has shown that age, gender, grade in school, religiosity, socioeconomic status, and involvement in extracurricular activities are all related to adolescent alcohol use. The present paper looks at the relationship between these factors and situations which might be conducive to drinking (e.g., driving around in a car, before going to a party, etc.) to determine whether the factors make it more likely that an adolescent will drink in such situations. The amount of time spent in social activities was positively related to alcohol use in all situations examined except drinking at home or at dinner. The amount of time spent studying and the frequency of attending religious services were negatively related to alcohol use in the various situations. Females were also less likely to drink in the situations discussed. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior , Alcohol Drinking , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Regression Analysis , Rural Health , Social Environment , VirginiaABSTRACT
Much research has indicated that age, gender, grade in school, religiosity, socioeconomic status, and involvement in extracurricular activities are all related to adolescent alcohol use. However, most of such research focuses on urban youth. The present study examines patterns of rural adolescent alcohol use and factors associated with such use. The Student Alcohol Inventory was administered to 650 students in grades 7-12 in a small, middle-Atlantic town and surrounding county. The survey contained sections addressing demographic data, attitudes regarding students' alcohol use, and their parents' use. Along with standard SES measures, items were included on unemployment and receipt of government assistance. The dependent variables included age at first drink, frequency of drinking, amount of drinking, and a composite heavy-drinking index. Eighty-three percent of the respondents indicated that they had drunk alcohol and 57% had had their first drink by age 12. Gender and grade in school were significant predictors of alcohol use for all four dependent variables. Time spent in social activities was significant in predicting all but age at first drink. Religiosity was a significant predictor for only one dependent variable--age at first drink. The SES measures were also weak predictors of drinking behavior. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.