Preoperative respiratory muscle dysfunction is a predictor of prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation in cardiorespiratory complications after heart valve surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To verify whether preoperative respiratory muscle strength and ventilometric parameters, among other clinically relevant factors, are associated with the need for prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation (PIMV) due to cardiorespiratory complications following heart valve surgery. METHODS: Demographics, preoperative ventilometric and manometric data, and the hospital course of 171 patients, who had undergone heart valve surgery at Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, were prospectively collected and subjected to univariate analysis for identifying the risk factors for PIMV. RESULTS: The hospital mortality was 7%. About 6% of the patients, who had undergone heart valve surgery required PIMV because of postoperative cardiorespiratory dysfunction. Their hospital mortality was 60% (vs 4%, p < 0.001). Univariate analysis revealed that preoperative respiratory muscle dysfunction, characterized by maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure below 70% of the predicted values combined with respiratory rate above 15 rpm during ventilometry, was associated with postoperative PIMV (p = 0.030, odds ratio: 50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-18). Postoperative PIMV was also associated with: (1) body mass index (BMI)<18.5 (odds ratio: 7.2, 95% CI: 1.5-32), (2) body weight < 50 kg (odds ratio: 6.5, 95% CI: 1.6-25), (3) valve operation due to acute endocarditis (odds ratio: 5.5, 95% CI: 0.98-30), and (4) concomitant operation for mitral and tricuspid valve dysfunction (p = 0.047, odds ratio: 5.0, 95% CI: 1.1-22). CONCLUSION: Our results have demonstrated that respiratory muscle dysfunction, among other clinical factors, is associated with the need for PIMV due to cardiovascular or pulmonary dysfunction after heart valve surgery.

Pulmonary function and quality of life in patients with morbid obesity six months after bariatric surgery / Função pulmonar e qualidade de vida em pacientes obesos mórbidos seis meses após cirurgia bariátrica

PURPOSE: To investigate the body weight, pulmonary function and quality of life of twenty patients with morbid obesity six months after the Fobi-Capella operation. METHODS: Patients were evaluated before and six months after surgery. The patients were mainly female (75 percent), the average age was 40.5 ± 10.27 years; average weight 110.11 kg ± 21.77 and average body mass index (BMI) 39.93 ± 7.13 kg/m² in the postoperative evaluation. Pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry using a Pulmonet/Godart NV Bilt Vetr Hotland spirometer and quality of life was assessed by applying the Moorehead-Ardelt questionnaire. The pre- and postoperative spirometry values were compared by the paired Student t test and the correlation between weight loss and pulmonary function was determined by linear regression, with the level of significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The spirometry variables Respiratory Frequency (RF), Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) and Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) differed significantly between the pre- and postoperative periods, whereas Residual Volume (RV), Vital Capacity (VC), Total Lung Capacity (TLC), FEF25-75 (Forced Expiratory Flow between 25 and 75 percent FVC) and FEV1/FVC percent (Forced Expiratory Volume in the 1st second/ Forced Vital Capacity ratio) did not differ between periods. Only one patient reported worsening of quality of life. There was a positive correlation between weight loss and ERV (p=0.0117, r=0.5514), but no correlations were observed for the other variables. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant weight loss and an improvement of pulmonary function as seen by respiratory frequency, reduction and increased expiratory reserve volume and functional residual capacity. The quality of life of the patients also improved after the Fobi-Capella operation.

OBJETIVO: Investigar a evolução do peso corpóreo, da função pulmonar e da qualidade de vida de 20 pacientes obesos mórbidos seis meses após operação de Fobi-Capella. MÉTODOS: Os pacientes foram avaliados antes e seis meses após a cirurgia e o sexo feminino predominou em 75 por cento, com média de idade de 40,5 anos ± 10, 27, média de peso de 110,11 kg ± 21,77 e IMC de 39,93 kg/m² ± 7,13. Para a avaliação da função pulmonar foi realizada espirometria por meio do espirômetro Pulmonet Godart NV Bilt Vetr Holland, e para a qualidade de vida foi aplicado o questionário de Moorehead-Ardelt. As comparações entre os valores espirométricos do pré e do pós-operatório foram realizadas pelo teste t de Student para amostras pareadas, e para a correlação entre a perda de peso e função pulmonar utilizou-se análise de regressão linear simples, adotando-se p < 0,05 para todos os resultados. RESULTADOS: As variáveis espirométricas Freqüência Respiratória (FR), Volume de Reserva Expiratório (VRE) e Capacidade Residual Funcional (CRF) apresentaram, aos seis meses após a operação, diferença estatisticamente significativa com os valores pré-operatórios, porém, não houve diferença significativa de Volume Residual (VR), Capacidade Vital (CV), Capacidade Pulmonar Total (CPT), Fluxo Expiratório Médio entre 25 e 75 por cento da curva de CVF (FEF25-75 por cento) e Razão entre Volume Expiratório Forçado no 1º segundo e Capacidade Vital Forçada (VEF1/CVF por cento). Apenas uma paciente relatou piora da qualidade de vida após a operação. Houve correlação positiva entre a perda da porcentagem do excesso de peso e VRE (p=0,0117, r=0,5514); as demais variáveis não apresentaram correlação significativa. CONCLUSÕES: Houve perda significante de peso, melhora da função pulmonar evidenciada pela redução da freqüência respiratória, aumento do volume de reserva expiratório e da capacidade residual funcional. A qualidade de vida dos pacientes melhorou nos seis meses após a operação de Fobi-Capella.

Pulmonary function and quality of life in patients with morbid obesity six months after bariatric surgery.

PURPOSE: To investigate the body weight, pulmonary function and quality of life of twenty patients with morbid obesity six months after the Fobi-Capella operation. METHODS: Patients were evaluated before and six months after surgery. The patients were mainly female (75%), the average age was 40.5 ± 10.27 years; average weight 110.11 kg ± 21.77 and average body mass index (BMI) 39.93 ± 7.13 kg/m² in the postoperative evaluation. Pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry using a Pulmonet/Godart NV Bilt Vetr Hotland spirometer and quality of life was assessed by applying the Moorehead-Ardelt questionnaire. The pre- and postoperative spirometry values were compared by the paired Student t test and the correlation between weight loss and pulmonary function was determined by linear regression, with the level of significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The spirometry variables Respiratory Frequency (RF), Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) and Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) differed significantly between the pre- and postoperative periods, whereas Residual Volume (RV), Vital Capacity (VC), Total Lung Capacity (TLC), FEF25-75 (Forced Expiratory Flow between 25 and 75% FVC) and FEV1/FVC% (Forced Expiratory Volume in the 1st second/ Forced Vital Capacity ratio) did not differ between periods. Only one patient reported worsening of quality of life. There was a positive correlation between weight loss and ERV (p=0.0117, r=0.5514), but no correlations were observed for the other variables. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant weight loss and an improvement of pulmonary function as seen by respiratory frequency, reduction and increased expiratory reserve volume and functional residual capacity. The quality of life of the patients also improved after the Fobi-Capella operation.