ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Convolutional neural networks (artificial intelligence, AI) are rapidly appearing within the field of dermatology, with diagnostic accuracy matching that of dermatologists. As technologies become available for use by both the health professionals and the general public, their uptake in healthcare will become more acceptable. National Health Service England recognizes the potential of AI for healthcare but emphasizes that patient-centred care should be at the forefront of these technological advancements. AIM: To obtain opinions of patients on the use of AI in a dermatology setting, when aiding the diagnosis of skin cancers. METHODS: A cross-sectional 14-point questionnaire was handed out to patients attending dermatology outpatient skin cancer clinics in two UK hospitals, between March and August 2018. RESULTS: In total, 603 patient questionnaires were completed. Nearly half (47%; n = 282) of respondents were not concerned if AI technology was used by a skin specialist to aid skin cancer diagnosis. However, the majority (81%; n = 491) of respondents, considered it important for a dermatologist to examine and confirm a diagnosis and to be present for discussion of a cancer diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Although the majority of respondents were not reluctant about the use of AI for skin cancer diagnosis, respondents still considered it important that dermatologists are involved in the diagnosis and/or confirmation of skin cancer. Furthermore, the study results demonstrate that personal interaction with a clinician is important. This is in keeping with proposals that AI be used as an adjunctive technology to increase accuracy of skin cancer diagnoses, but not as a substitute for a dermatologist.
Subject(s)
Artificial Intelligence , Attitude to Health , Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/methods , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
Regulation of the human MHC class I HLA-A11 promoter is governed by a complex array of regulatory elements. One of these elements, shown here to be critical for the transcriptional activity of the promoter, was used to screen a lambda gt11 library and allowed the identification of a cDNA which coded for the zinc finger protein ZFX. ZFX was shown to bind the sequences AGGGCCCCA and AGGCCCCGA, located respectively at positions -271 to -263 and -242 to -234 of the HLA-A11 promoter, with similar affinities through its three C-terminal zinc fingers. ZFX575, a short isoform of ZFX, activates transcription from the HLA-All promoter in a Leydig cell line.
