Open multicentre trial of zuclopenthixol in mania and schizophrenia based on the AMDP scales.

A total of 95 schizophrenic or manic patients received zuclopenthixol (cis(Z)-clopenthixol) either intramuscularly or orally during a period of 2 to 4 weeks in mean daily doses of 25 mg (i.m.) or 75 mg (p.o.). They were rated with the CGI, VAS, MSS, BPRS, and AMDP scales. Zuclopenthixol proved to be a potent antimanic, anti-aggressive and antidelusional neuroleptic already from the second day of injection. Very few anticholinergic and extrapyramidal side effects as well as little somnolence were seen and the local tolerance was excellent. The 14-factor AMDP profile proved valid, sensitive to change and highly differentiated.

[New proposals for the development of the concepts of neurotic anxiety, major depression and panic attack]. / Enoncés propositionnels nouveaux pour l'élaboration des concepts d'anxiété névrotique, de dépression majeure et d'accès de panique.

An accumulation of research results, laboratory and clinic, leads to revise the classification of disorders of anxious nature (anxiety disorders according to the DSM-III). An empirical confirmation allows to separate anxious states from panic attack and phobic behavior constituting a component separated from generalized anxiety, exaggerated emotional reactions to stress agents and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The response to pharmacotherapeutic agents and the important number of anxiety depression and mixed depression tends to make permeable the separating line between the nosological entities anxiety and depression. The observations of subjects suffering from endogenous anxiety obliges to revise the classification by introducing three varieties of neurotic anxiety: phobic endogenous anxiety, endogenous anxiety without phobic formation, and exogenous anxiety. Endogenous anxiety is close to the concept of anxious thymopathy. By its pragmatic conception, modifications obtained by psychoactive agents are used (antidepressants of the group imipramine and IMAO, classical benzodiazepines and alprazolam, provocation controlled in laboratory) in order to strengthen innovating hypotheses and allow to elaborate useful treatment strategies for neuroses.

[Integration of behaviorism in the technics and methods of psychologic action]. / Intégration du behaviourisme dans les techniques et méthodes d'action psychologique.

Behaviourism is described as the study, the analysis and modifications of behaviours interacting with the milieu: a unit of methods and applications is noted and a theoretical body of behaviour changes is emphasized. In the clinic, the objective attitude and statement that psychopathology is the science of abnormal behaviours and not the science of mental states, contrast behaviourism with other methods such as psychoanalysis. In therapy and revalidation, behaviourism is one of the individual or group psychological reeducation method.