ABSTRACT
Low temperature is an important factor that affects the growth and reproduction of tea plants [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze]. In this study, Yunwu Tribute Tea cutting seedlings [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze var. niaowangensis Q.H. Chen] were subjected to different low-temperature treatments in Guizhou Province, China, and the changes in physiological indicators of the leaves were measured to investigate the physiological response and cold tolerance of this variety. Under cold stress, the peak of antioxidant enzyme activity appeared on the third day of treatment at 1°C, indicating that Yunwu Tribute Tea could improve the resistance to cold stress through an increase in enzyme activity within a low-temperature range. However, after 3 days treatment at 1°C, the tolerance of plant had been exceeded; the ability to resist cold stress disappeared, and enzyme activity decreased. When the temperature or duration of stress exceeded the maximum tolerance of the plant, the synthesis of soluble substances decreased in concert with their protective effects. Under cold conditions, Yunwu Tribute Tea could increase the production of abscisic acid growth inhibitors and reduce those of indoleacetic acid, gibberellin, and other growth promoting substances to manage cold stress by regulating the balance of growth regulators in the plant. Five differential genes were screened as candidate genes from the Yunwu Tribute Tea cold stress transcriptome (DW, 1°C) for fluorescence quantitative analysis. The results showed that the changes in levels of expression of these genes under continuous cold stress significantly positively correlated with the corresponding physiological indicators. Nevertheless, the levels of expression of the Yunwu Tribute Tea polyphenol oxidase (PPO) gene and the gibberellin 3ß-dioxygenase gene (G3O2) were reversely inhibited under cold stress. The result was consistent with the corresponding physiological indicators, and it provides a basis for the study of cold resistance mechanisms in tea plants.
Subject(s)
Camellia sinensis/genetics , Camellia sinensis/physiology , Cold-Shock Response/genetics , China , Cold Temperature , Gene Expression/genetics , Gene Expression Profiling/methods , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics , Genes, Plant/genetics , Plant Leaves/genetics , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Plant Proteins/genetics , Seedlings/genetics , Seedlings/growth & development , Stress, Physiological/genetics , Tea/metabolism , Temperature , Transcriptome/geneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To establish a method of quantitative analysis of multi-components, by single marker(QAMS)for simultaneously determining six ingredients in Gardenia jasminoides fruits. METHODS: A multi-wavelength segmentation detection method was used. A methodological mode was found to analysis six ingredients in Gardenia jasminoides fruits by quantitative analysis of QAMS. Taken geniposide as reference to create RCF with gardenia acid, chlorogenic acid, crocin I, crocin II and crocin III. RESULTS: The good reproducibility and acceptable durability of method was validated between two HPLC systems and three columns. 20 batches of Gardenia jaminoides fruits was analysis, and the results showed good linear correlation compared to external standard method (r > 0. 999). CONCLUSION: QAMS can be used as quality evaluation method of multi-component Gardenia jaminoides fruits.
Subject(s)
Fruit/chemistry , Gardenia/chemistry , Phytochemicals/chemistry , Carotenoids , Chlorogenic Acid , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Iridoids , Phytochemicals/isolation & purification , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
The roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis are widely used in Chinese medicine for their action of clearing heat, detoxicating, relieving cough, dispelling sputum and tonifying spleen and stomach. The reason why Glycyrrhiza uralensis has potent and significant actions is that it contains various active secondary metabolites, especially glycyrrhizic acid. In the present study, we cloned the cDNA coding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary CoA reductase (HMGR) involved in glycyrrhizic acid biosynthesis in Glycyrrhiza uralensis. The corresponding cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins. Recombinant HMGR exhibited catalysis activity in reduction of HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid (MVA) just as HMGR isolated from other species. Because HMGR gene is very important in the biosynthesis of glycyrrhizic acid in Glycyrrhiza uralensis, this work is significant for further studies concerned with strengthening the efficacy of Glycyrrhiza uralensis by means of increasing glycyrrhizic acid content and exploring the biosynthesis of glycyrrhizic acid in vitro.
