Research progress in drugs targeting 5-lipoxygenase for age-related diseases / 生理学报

With the acceleration of aging society, delaying aging or promoting healthy aging has become a major demand for human health. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a key enzyme catalyzing arachidonic acid into leukotrienes (LTs), which is a potent mediator of the inflammatory response. Previous studies showed that abnormal activation of 5-LOX and overproduction of LTs are closely related to the occurrence and development of aging-related inflammatory diseases. Therefore, inhibiting 5-LOX activation is a possibly potential strategy for treating age-related diseases. In this paper, the latest research progress in 5-LOX activation, 5-LOX in mediating aging-related diseases and its small molecule inhibitors is briefly reviewed to provide scientific theoretical basis and new ideas for the prevention and treatment of aging-related inflammatory diseases.

[Inflammatory mechanism of hippocampal tissue injury induced by PM2.5 in nasal drip in mice].

Objective: To investigate the inflammatory mechanism of nasal instillation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5)on hippocampal tissue injury in mice.Methods: Thirty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=10):control group, low-dose group, high-dose group. The nasal instillation doses of PM2.5 in the low-dose group and the high-dose group were 1.5 mg/kg BW and 7.5 mg/kg BW, respectively, and the control group was given saline with an equal volume. Saline was sprayed once every other time for 12 times. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by ELISA method. HE staining and electron microscopy were used to observe the pathological changes and ultrastructure of lung tissue and hippocampus. The inflammatory cytokine levels in hippocampus were detected by antibody chip technique. Results: There was no significant effect of PM2.5 nasal instillation on serum TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6 levels (P＞0.05), and there was no obvious pathological changes in lung tissue structure. In hippocampus, low-dose and high-dose PM2.5 exposure could lead to disordered neuronal arrangement in the hippocampal CA3 region, and there were neurological changes around the neuron cells and ultrastructural changes such as edema around small blood vessels. Compared with the control group, the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as CX3CL1, CSF2 and TECK in the low-dose group were increased significantly (P ＜0.05), while sTNFR1 was decreased significantly (P＜0.05); the inflammatory factors CX3CL1, CSF2, and TCA-3 were significantly increased in the high-dose group (P＜0.05), while leptin, MIG, and FASLG were significantly decreased (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Nasal instillation of PM2.5 can induce tissue damage in the hippocampus of mice, and its mechanism of action may be the olfactory brain pathway. The increasing of TNF-α and IL-6 and the decreasing of sTNFR1 and FASLG may be involved in inflammatory mechanisms.

Inflammatory mechanism of hippocampal tissue injury induced by PM in nasal drip in mice / 中国应用生理学杂志

To investigate the inflammatory mechanism of nasal instillation of fine particulate matter (PM)on hippocampal tissue injury in mice. Thirty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=10):control group, low-dose group, high-dose group. The nasal instillation doses of PM in the low-dose group and the high-dose group were 1.5 mg/kg BW and 7.5 mg/kg BW, respectively, and the control group was given saline with an equal volume. Saline was sprayed once every other time for 12 times. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by ELISA method. HE staining and electron microscopy were used to observe the pathological changes and ultrastructure of lung tissue and hippocampus. The inflammatory cytokine levels in hippocampus were detected by antibody chip technique. There was no significant effect of PM nasal instillation on serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels (P＞0.05), and there was no obvious pathological changes in lung tissue structure. In hippocampus, low-dose and high-dose PM exposure could lead to disordered neuronal arrangement in the hippocampal CA3 region, and there were neurological changes around the neuron cells and ultrastructural changes such as edema around small blood vessels. Compared with the control group, the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as CX3CL1, CSF2 and TECK in the low-dose group were increased significantly (P ＜0.05), while sTNFR1 was decreased significantly (P＜0.05); the inflammatory factors CX3CL1, CSF2, and TCA-3 were significantly increased in the high-dose group (P＜0.05), while leptin, MIG, and FASLG were significantly decreased (P＜0.05). Nasal instillation of PM can induce tissue damage in the hippocampus of mice, and its mechanism of action may be the olfactory brain pathway. The increasing of TNF-α and IL-6 and the decreasing of sTNFR1 and FASLG may be involved in inflammatory mechanisms.

Quantitative Determination of Two Flavonoids and Four Phenoquinones of Huoxue Cuyu Capsules by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish a method for simultaneous determination of two flavonoids （rutin and kaempferol-3-O- rutinoside） and four phenoquinones （dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ，cryptotanshinone，tanshinone Ⅰ and tanshinoneⅡA） in Huoxue cuyu capsules. METHODS：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Welch Ultimate XB-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1％phosphoric acid solution（gradient elution）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 20 ℃，and detection wavelength was set at 270 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS：The linear range of rutin，kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside，dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ，cryptotanshinone，tanshinone Ⅰ and tanshinoneⅡA were 172.13-860.66 μg/mL（r＝0.999 7），15.33-76.66 μg/mL（r＝0.999 8），12.81-64.06 μg/mL（r＝0.999 3），5.90-29.52 μg/mL（r＝0.999 3），5.12-25.60 μg/mL（r＝0.999 2），6.71-33.57 μg/mL（r＝0.999 7），respectively. The limits of detection were 0.08，0.01，0.01，0.01，0.01，0.01 μg/mL. The limits of quantitation were 0.27，0.02，0.03，0.03，0.03，0.03 μg/mL，respectively. RSDs of precision，stability test and repetition tests were all lower than 2.0％（n＝6）. The recoveries were 97.54％-100.25％（RSD＝1.07％，n＝6），96.90％-101.91％（RSD＝1.73％，n＝6），96.24％-102.89％（RSD＝2.32％，n＝6），97.04％-102.18％（RSD＝1.82％，n＝6），95.06％-97.73％（RSD＝1.18％，n＝6），95.59％-101.40％（RSD＝2.29％，n＝6），respectively. CONCLUSIONS：The method is sensitive，rapid，simple and has good reproducibility. It can be used for simultaneous determination of rutin， kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside， dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ， cryptotanshinone， tanshinone Ⅰ， tanshinoneⅡA in Huoxue cuyu capsules.

Advances in Genetic Transformation of Panax Ginseng / 中国生物工程杂志

Genetic engineering is a powerful tool in Panax ginseng breeding.Genetic transformation and plant regeneration are the premise and foundation involved in genetic engineering of Panax ginseng.Ginseng can be regenerated through organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis and indirect somatic embryogenesis is mainly used for its regeneration.Summurized the factors influencing plant regeneration such as different explants,different carbohydrates,somatic embryo optimization and hormone-free approach.Ginseng transformation has been achieved by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes and transgenic ginseng with good characters was obtained by introducing genes associated with biosynthesis of ginsenosides or herbicide gene.Hairy root culture system can supply large scale of ginsenosides,thus effect of rolC genes on ginseng hairy root induction,regeneration and bioreactor culture of hairy root were discussed.Additionally,problems that are present in genetic engineering of Panax ginseng were also discussed in this review.

Cloning of Ginseng ? AS Gene and the Construction of Its Antisense Plant Expression Vector / 中国生物工程杂志

RT-PCR amplification of ginseng ?-amyrin synthase gene was successfully performed based on the total RNAs extracted from ginseng hairy roots induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 using a modified guanidine isothiocyanate-method. Sequence analysis of this gene revealed that its sequence was consistent with the sequence of a previously reported ginseng ?-amyrin synthase gene (GenBank No. AB009030). This gene was inserted into pMD-119T simple vector and transformed into E.coli DH5?. Furthermore antisense plant expression vector of this gene was constructed using the pBI121 vector, laying foundation for studies on antisense regulation of ginseng ?-amyrin synthase gene.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands suppress liver carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine in rats.

AIM: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is known to regulate growth arrest and terminal differentiation of adipocytes and is used clinically as a new class of antidiabetic drugs. Recently, several studies have reported that treatment of cancer cells with PPARgamma ligands could induce cell differentiation and apoptosis, suggesting a potential application as chemopreventive agents against carcinogenesis. In the present study, 3 different kinds of PPARgamma ligands were subjected to the experiments to confirm their suppressive effects on liver carcinogenesis. METHODS: Three PPARgamma ligands, pioglitazone (Pio) (200 ppm), rosiglitazone (Rosi) (200 ppm), and troglitazone (Tro) (1,000 ppm) were investigated on the induction of the placental form of rat glutathione S-transferase (rGST P) positive foci, a precancerous lesion of the liver, and liver cancer formation using a diethylnitrosamine-induced liver cancer model in Wistar rats, and dose dependency of a PPARgamma ligand was also examined. RESULTS: PPARgamma ligands reduced the formation of rGST P-positive foci by diethylnitrosamine and induction of liver cancers was also markedly suppressed by a continuous feeding of Pio at 200 ppm. CONCLUSION: PPARgamma ligands are potential chemopreventive agents for liver carcinogenesis.

Correlated Study of Family Care and Treatment Compliance Degrees to Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the relationship among family care, vision, degree of visual damage and treatment compliance in patients with type 2 diabetes to provide basic data for improving the clinical treatment for diabetic retinopathy. Methods Visual acuity was corrected and retinopathy was examined respectively in 127 patients with diabetic retinopathy. Family care and treatment compliance degrees were evaluated with APGAR index questionnaires and diabetes treatment compliance questionnaires. An analysis of the relationship between factors above followed. Results There was significant difference in family care index in patients with diabetic retinopathy and that in normal control group. The total scores of family APGAR, family fitness, emotion, sexual intimacy were significantly correlated with treatment compliance and visual damage. There was no significant correlation between compliance and retinopathy. Conclusion This reaserch indicates family APGAR scores,family fitness, emotional score, sexual intimacy scores were significantly correlated with treatment compliance, and treatment compliance of patients with diabetes is positively correlate with family support.