ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The present meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery (LS) versus open surgery (OS) for rectal cancer. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, were searched for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to June 2017. Operation related index, postoperative complication, and long-term survival rate and disease-free survival rate were evaluated by meta-analytical techniques. RESULT: Nine RCTs enrolling 4126 patients were included in the present meta-analysis. Compared to OS, LS had similar positive circumferential resection margin (CRM) and number of lymph nodes extracted (LNE) as well as long term 5 years survival rate and disease-free survival rate, but of which the risk tendency was higher in LS group. The short-term outcomes of major and total postoperative complication were lower in LS group. CONCLUSIONS: LS for rectal cancer was as safe and effective as OS in terms of long-term outcomes, but with lower postoperative complication.
Subject(s)
Laparoscopy/methods , Lymph Node Excision/methods , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Humans , Lymph Node Excision/statistics & numerical data , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Icariin is a potent stimulator of osteogenic differentiation; however, the mechanism underlying its osteogenic effect remains unclear. The osteogenic effect of icariin is related to the upstream glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) signaling pathway, and antagonism with dexamethasone-induced osteoblast inhibition was noted. METHODS: MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in induced medium treated with icariin with or without dexamethasone. After short interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to silence GILZ expression, the degree of mineralization, proliferation, and GILZ expression as well as the levels of osteogenic (OPG, RANKL, ALP, OC and RUNX2) markers were tested. RESULTS: Dexamethasone inhibited, while icariin increased, osteogenic activity, as indicated by ALP activity and calcium nodules. Meanwhile, dexamethasone dose-dependently (10-6M-10-4M) increased GILZ and RANKL expression and reduced ALP, OPG and OC, but the pattern of mRNA expression was reversed when icariin was added. Furthermore, GILZ (dexamethasone-induced) inhibition caused by icariin or moderately silenced by GILZ siRNA abolished the osteogenesis inhibition effect of dexamethasone, as indicated by the changes in the GILZ, ALP, OPG and RANKL expression levels; ALP activity; and calcium nodule. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the GILZ-mediated osteogenic signal pathway is involved in the osteogenic effect induced by icariin.
Subject(s)
Flavonoids/pharmacology , Glucocorticoids/pharmacology , Leucine Zippers/drug effects , Osteoblasts/drug effects , Osteogenesis/drug effects , Animals , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Cell Line , Dexamethasone/pharmacology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Osteoblasts/metabolism , RANK Ligand/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Transcription Factors/metabolismABSTRACT
This study was aimed at the transport across blood-brain barrier (BBB) of polysorbate-80 modified neurotoxin loaded polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticle (P-80-NT-NP) and its cytotoxicity. An in vitro model of BBB using rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMECs) was established. The cytotoxicity of P-80-NT-NP was measured by the MTT assays, where neurotoxin (NT), nanoparticle (NP), neurotoxin nanoparticle (NT-NP) as control, and the permeability of P-80-NT-NP was determined by using of Millicell insert coculture with rBMECs and fluorescence spectrophotometry. MTT results showed that NT, NP, NT-NP and P-80-NT-NP were avirulent to rBMECs when the concentration of NT was lower than 200 ng x mL(-1). But the cytotoxicity of NP, NT-NP and P-80-NT-NP would be augmented accordingly as concentration increased (P < 0.01), causing obvious reductions of cell survival rate, with no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). When the concentration of NT was 150 ng x mL(-1), the permeability on rBMECs of P-80-NT-NP and NT-NP were both significantly higher than that of NT (P < 0.01), and the permeability of P-80-NT-NP was greater than that of NT-NP (P < 0.05). In conclusion, polysorbate-80 modified neurotoxin nanoparticles can transport across the BBB, while concentration of NT is greater than 200 ng x mL(-1), P-80-NT-NP has a little cytotoxicity against rBMECs.
