Transgenic expression of a dominant-negative connexin26 causes degeneration of the organ of Corti and non-syndromic deafness.

Hereditary deafness affects about 1 in 2000 children and mutations in the GJB2 gene are the major cause in various ethnic groups. GJB2 encodes connexin26, a putative channel component in cochlear gap junction. However, the pathogenesis of hearing loss caused by the GJB2 mutations remains obscure. The generation of a mouse model to study the function of connexin26 during hearing has been hampered by the fact that Gjb2 knockout mice are embryonic lethal. To establish viable model mice we generated transgenic mice expressing a mutant connexin26 with R75W mutation that was identified in a deaf family with autosomal-dominant inheritance. The previous expression analysis revealed that the R75W connexin26 inhibited the gap channel function of the co-expressed normal connexin26 in a dominant-negative fashion. We established two lines of transgenic mice that showed severe to profound hearing loss, deformity of supporting cells, failure in the formation of the tunnel of Corti and degeneration of sensory hair cells. Despite robust expression of the transgene, no obvious structural change was observed in the stria vascularis or spiral ligament that is rich in connexin26 and generates the endolymph. The high resting potential in cochlear endolymph essential for hair cell excitation was normally sustained. These results suggest that the GJB2 mutation disturbs homeostasis of cortilymph, an extracellular space surrounding the sensory hair cells, due to impaired K(+) transport by supporting cells, resulting in degradation of the organ of Corti, rather than affecting endolymph homeostasis in mice and probably in humans.

Late-onset hearing loss in a mouse model of DFN3 non-syndromic deafness: morphologic and immunohistochemical analyses.

Recently, we reported that homozygous males and females of a mouse model of DFN3 non-syndromic deafness generated by the deletion of Brn-4 transcription factor showed profound deafness due to severe alterations in the cochlear spiral ligament fibrocytes from the age of 11 weeks, whereas no hearing loss was recognized in young female heterozygotes. It is known that a part of obligate female carriers of DFN3 showed progressive hearing loss. In the present study, we examined the late-onset effect of Brn-4 deficiency on the hearing organ of the mouse. About one third of heterozygous female mice revealed late-onset profound deafness at the age of 1 year. Furthermore, in these deafened heterozygotes, characteristic abnormalities in Reissner's membrane attachment and type II fibrocytes in the suprastrial zone became evident under light microscope, similar to homozygous female mice. A significant reduction in the immunoreactivity of connexin 26 (Cx26), connexin 31 (Cx31), Na,K-ATPase and Na-K-Cl cotransporter in the spiral ligament fibrocytes was observed in aged heterozygotes showing late-onset profound deafness. The late-onset phenotype observed in heterozygous mutant mice, being consistent with the progressive deafness observed in human female heterozygotes, may be explained by alterations of the ion transport systems in the spiral ligament fibrocytes.