ABSTRACT
Stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident, is an acute cerebrovascular disease with a high incidence, disability rate, and mortality. It can disrupt the interaction between the cerebral cortex and external muscles. Corticomuscular coherence (CMC) is a common and useful method for studying how the cerebral cortex controls muscle activity. CMC can expose functional connections between the cortex and muscle, reflecting the information flow in the motor system. Afferent feedback related to CMC can reveal these functional connections. This paper aims to investigate the factors influencing CMC in stroke patients and provide a comprehensive summary and analysis of the current research in this area. This paper begins by discussing the impact of stroke and the significance of CMC in stroke patients. It then proceeds to elaborate on the mechanism of CMC and its defining formula. Next, the impacts of various factors on CMC in stroke patients were discussed individually. Lastly, this paper addresses current challenges and future prospects for CMC.
ABSTRACT
Recently, the cryogel as a special type of hydrogel was widely used in the field of medicine due to its porous structure and good biocompatibilit. However, great challenges existed for its irregular pore size and incompressible property, limiting its application in other fields. In this study, a novel silk fibroin-based cryogel (named SF@PVA/CS) with regulable pore size, excellent elasticity and durability was constructed using a green dual-directional crosslink strategy. The SF@PVA/CS was prepared by using silk fibroin (SF) as bone scaffold, and chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as polymer hydrogel which was introduced into the inner bone scaffold of SF. Such a brand-new cryogel possessed three-dimensional dual network structure, which can overcome the shortcoming of unregulatable pore size and incompressibility of traditional cryogel. Additionally, the developed SF@PVA/CS membrane was used for water purification for the first time, which exhibited superior selective permeation, excellent anti-fouling and brilliant self-cleaning property, and it can achieve the purification of both oil/water emulsion and methylene blue solution. This study expanded the application of SF-based cryogel, providing a novel routine for designing new-type composite cryogel and widening the application of dual-directional crosslink strategy developed in this study for facilitating the purification of wastewater.
Subject(s)
Chitosan , Fibroins , Water Purification , Fibroins/chemistry , Cryogels , Chitosan/chemistry , Polyvinyl Alcohol/chemistryABSTRACT
Freshwater pollution and shortage have become an imminent problem. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a multi-functional membrane for the production of fresh water. In this work, the regenerated lignocellulose modified cotton fabric was developed as a novel, multi-functional and degradable membrane (LCPT@CF) for efficient oil-water separation and solar steam generation for the first time. The fabrication method has the merits of simple, environmentally friendly and cost effective. The regenerated lignocellulose was adhered on the surface of cotton fabric by tannic acid and polyvinyl alcohol complexes tightly, and the multilayered structures of the LCPT@CF can be formed, which endowed the membranes with underwater superoleophobic property and durability. The underwater superoleophobic property enabled LCPT@CF to purify various kinds of oil-in-water emulsions with a separation efficiency of more than 99.90%. Moreover, benefiting from the excellent photothermal conversion capacity of regenerated lignocellulose, the LCPT@CF achieved high evaporation rate of 1.39 kg m-2 h-1 and favorable evaporation efficiency of 84% under 1 sun illumination, and the LCPT@CF also presented excellent salt-resistance for evaporating seawater for 20 cycles, without salt accumulation. More importantly, the LCPT@CF could be naturally degradable by microorganisms in the natural condition within 3 months, which had outstanding environmental friendliness. These above results demonstrated that the green and efficient LCPT@CF could play great potential in oil-water separation and sewage purification.
ABSTRACT
To date, most existing engineering materials have difficulty simultaneously separating oil/water and removing heavy metals from complex oily wastewater. In response to this challenge, a novel multifunctional composite hydrogel membrane (named PVA-CS-LDHs) was fabricated by incorporating chitosan (CS) and nanohydrotalcite (LDHs) into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel. This material was developed using an easy yet versatile strategy of freezing and salting-out, which can enable the formation of a PVA-CS-LDH hydrogel membrane in one step and endow the PVA-CS-LDHs with high strength, excellent stretchability, favourable shape recoverability, and an ideal 3D microstructure. The PVA-CS-LDH membrane can purify emulsified oil and metal ions simultaneously with a separation efficiency of 99.89 % for emulsified oil and a removal efficiency of 97.44 % for Pb2+ ions. Additionally, the high-efficiency, multifunctional, high-antifouling and eco-friendly properties of the PVA-CS-LDH membrane make it a promising hydrogel material for both emulsified oil separation and heavy metal ion removal. Thus, this material provides critical application potential that can address scientific and technological challenges in complex oily wastewater purification.
