Swine wastewater treatment by combined process of iron carbon microelectrolysis-physical adsorption-microalgae cultivation.

Combined treatments were designed based on iron-carbon micro-electrolysis treatment (ICME), physical adsorption (PA) with zeolite (Z) or vermiculite (V) and microalgae cultivation (MC, Chlorella vulgaris) for removing pollutants from swine wastewater (SW): ICME + MC (IM), ICME + Z + MC (IZM) and ICME + V + MC (IVM). Results showed that the minimum total nitrogen (TN) of 43.66 mg L-1, NH4+-N of 1.33 mg-1 and total phosphorus (TP) of 0.14 mg-1 were obtained by IVM, while the minimum chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 105 mg-1 via IM. During the process of combined treatments, ICME contributed most to the removal of TN (84.52% by IZM), TP (97.78% by IVM and IZM) and COD (62.44% by IVM), and maximum NH4+-N removal (55.64%) was obtained by MC procedure in IM process. Vermiculite performed better than zeolite during all the combined treatments. Besides, the maximum cell dry weight (CDW, 0.74 g-1) of C. vulgaris was obtained by IM on day 13. The results provide an efficient integrated method for swine wastewater treatment.

[Spectroscopy research on the origin mechanism for light induced delayed fluorescence of chloroplast].

Research of the mechanism for delayed fluorescence origin play an important role in the application of DF. Based onthe charge recombination theory, the mechanism for delayed fluorescence origin is theoretically analyzed in this paper. The decay kinetics of DF, depending on the backward transport electron and oxidized state P680+, can be well fitted by poly-exponent. The relative fast component of DF originates from the Z+ P680 Q(A)- states, generated during the previous period of the sample illumination. On the other hand, the slow component of DF is ascribed to the state Q(B)= --the next electron carrier of deoxidized side in PS II. Meanwhile, the experimental results confirmed the theoretical conclusion. Furthermore, the authors testified that the third component with lifetime much greater than the time of the registration period (which is presented as a constant), is corresponds to the recombination of P680+ and the backward transport electron from PSI.