ABSTRACT
The healing of acute wounds is vital to humans and is a well-orchestrated process that involves systemic and local factors. However, there is a lack of effective and safe clinical therapies. The collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) protein is a type of exocrine protein that has been recently reported to contribute to tissue repair. Our aim is to validate the promoting effects of CTHRC1 on the healing of acute wounds and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. Therefore, we first established acute wound healing mouse models and confirmed that CTHRC1 accelerates the healing process of acute wounds. Then, we characterized wound macrophages using a polyvinylalcohol (PVA) sponge model and used Western blotting to investigate the molecular mechanism. We found that CTHRC1 increased the M2 macrophage population and the TGF-ß expression level as a result of the activation of the TGF-ß and Notch pathways, which eventually contributed to the promotion of wound healing. Inhibition of the Notch pathway showed attenuated M2 macrophage recruitment, and it decreased the TGF-ß expression level. These results substantiate our hypothesis that CTHRC1 promotes wound healing by recruiting M2 macrophages and regulating the TGF-ß and Notch pathways.
Subject(s)
Extracellular Matrix Proteins/pharmacology , Macrophages/drug effects , Receptors, Notch/metabolism , Skin/injuries , Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism , Wound Healing/drug effects , Wounds, Stab/drug therapy , Animals , Cell Line , Disease Models, Animal , Humans , Macrophages/immunology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology , Signal Transduction , Skin/immunology , Skin/metabolism , Wound Healing/immunology , Wounds, Stab/immunology , Wounds, Stab/metabolismABSTRACT
Pure, TiO2-doped and TiO2/Ag-doped WO3 films were prepared by evaporation and electron beam evaporating. Raman spectroscopy and chronoamperometry were used to characterize the electrochromic properties of the samples. The correlation between the relative intensity of the Raman peaks, corresponding to the Raman sharp peak of the crystalline phase at 810 cm(-1) is negative, that is to say the higher the relative intensity of the Raman peaks, the smaller the coloration efficiency.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To discover a new gene of candidate molecule for the diagnosis of cysticercosis. METHODS: Cysticercus cellulosae cDNA library was immunoscreened with pooled serum of cysticercosis patients. The encoded protein of a new gene, Ts3, was analyzed through biology software (EXPASY) on line. The new gene was cloned, the prokaryotic expression vector pET28a (+)-Ts3 was constructed, and the expressed result was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting. RESULTS: The new gene Ts3 (GenBank accession No. EU338456) was obtained with 531 bp and an ORF of C. cellulosae. With relatively stable structure and physicochemical properties, the new gene was anon-transmembrane protein and contained more protein kinase C phosphorylation site. To induce its expression, the Ts3 gene was cloned into the vector pET28a (+), and a protein with a relative molecular mass Mr21000 was obtained which was recognized by the sera of cysticercosis cases. CONCLUSION: The Ts3 gene of C. cellulosae was expressed, and the protein shows adequate antigenicity.
