Characteristic enhancement of blood pressure V-shaped waves in sinoaortic-denervated rats in a conscious and quiet state.

A hemodynamic feature of chronic sinoaortic-denervated (SAD) rats is the increase in blood pressure variability (BPV) without significant changes in the average level of blood pressure (BP). The current study was designed to investigate the changes in BP V-shaped waves (V waves) in SAD rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 2 groups: SAD rats and sham-operated rats (n=13). Hemodynamics measurements were obtained in conscious, freely moving rats, four weeks after sinoaortic denervation or sham operation. V wave indices were evaluated in rats in both conscious and quiet states. Additionally, normal and high BPV was simulated by the production of V waves with different amplitudes. The results showed that the V wave amplitude was dramatically increased, with a significantly prolonged duration and reduced frequency in SAD rats. V wave BPV in SAD rats was significantly increased, though BP remained unchanged. The twenty-four hour BPV in all rats was positively correlated with amplitude, duration time and V wave BPV and negatively correlated with frequency. The systolic BP spectral powers in the low frequency range (0.38-0.45 Hz) were significantly reduced in the V waves of SAD rats. Moreover, there was a remarkable increase in mean BPV and a normal mean BP after simulating high BPV in SAD rats. These results suggest that enhancement of V waves might be a waveform character of BP in SAD rats in both the conscious and quiet states. These types of V waves appear to be related to a depression of sympathetic regulation of BP induced by sinoaortic denervation.

Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba Ameliorates the Progression of Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension by Protecting Endothelial Injury in Rats.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disease that is characterized by elevated pulmonary blood pressure, abnormally thickened pulmonary arteries, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Monocrotaline (MCT) has been used to generate an experimental model of PH in rats, with PH initiated from injuries of lung vascular endothelium. Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba is a widely used traditional herb in China, known to exert protective effects on vascular endothelial cell injury in animal experiments. However, the role of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba in PH remains unclear. Thus, we investigated the effects of the aqueous extract of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba (AESM) on MCT-induced PH and explored the pertinent mechanism. PH was induced in rats by a single subcutaneous injection of MCT (60 mg/kg body weight). Low or high dose (4.6 g/kg or 14 g/kg body weight) of AESM was then administered orally for 21 days to PH rats. Hemodynamic study showed that AESM reduced mean pulmonary artery pressure and improved right ventricle function. Lung pathological analysis revealed that AESM reduced wall thickness and lumen stenosis of pulmonary vessels. Also AESM ameliorated right ventricular hypertrophy. Measurement of biochemical parameters indicated that AESM decreased endothelin-1 and thromboxane A2 in plasma and increased nitrogen monoxide and prostacyclin in the plasma and reduced the increase of transforming growth factor ß1 in lung tissue. Our results suggest that AESM may ameliorate the progression of MCT-induced PH in rats, at least in part by its protective effect on endothelial injury. Therefore, Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba could be useful in the treatment of PH.

[The study of the expression and the prognostic value of Survivin and Ki67 in pancreatic endocrine tumors].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the expression of Survivin and Ki67 with prognosis of pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs). METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for Survivin and Ki67 was performed in 25 cases of normal pancreatic tissues and 81 cases of PETs by tissue microarrays and to observe the expression and evaluate the relationship with prognosis. RESULTS: (1)The expression of Survivin and Ki67 in PETs was significantly higher than that in normal pancreatic tissues (P <0.01); (2)The expression of Survivin and Ki67 in PETs was correlated with tissue grading and the TNM-staging (P < 0.05), but not related with tumor size, location and functional status. In addition, the expression of nuclear Survivin was association with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). (3)The high expression of Ki67 was related with the expression of nuclear Survivin, but not related with the expression of cytoplasmic Survivin. CONCLUSION: Survivin and Ki67 were both expressed in PETs, which were closely related to the clinical pathological characteristics. They could be used as new indicators in the evaluation of prognosis of PETs. The expression of Survivin in nucleus had more diagnostic significance than that in cytoplasm, and that could be highly correlated with lymph node metastasis, which would be used as a new marker of poor prognosis.

Neuroprotective effects of an aqueous extract of Futokadsura stem in an Aß-induced Alzheimer's disease-like rat model.

Futokadsura stem has been traditionally used to dispel wind-damp obstruction syndrome manifested as painful and stiff joints, tendon and muscle spasms, lower back pain, painful knees and pain from external injury. An aqueous extract of Futokadsura stem has previously been found to have neuro-protective effects in vitro. In this study, we aimed to investigate if the Futokadsura stem extract could protect the neuron in the brain of an Aß-induced Alzheimer's Disease (AD)-like rat model by improving the learning and memory ability of the rats. Learning and memory ability of the rats were measured by the Morris water maze test. Neuronal morphology in the hippocampus was examined by HE staining. Expression levels of Aß, TNF-α, IL-6 and synaptophysin (SYP) were measured by immunofluorescence. Nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels were measured by NO and NOS detecting kit. We found that aqueous extract of Futokadsura stem alleviated Aß(25-35)-induced impairment of spatial learning and memory in the AD rats. Furthermore, the extract protected the neurons by decreasing the expression of Aß, TNF-α and IL-6 and the content of NO and NOS in the brain, and increasing the expression of SYP in the hippocampus. Our data indicated that aqueous extract of Futokadsura stem improved the learning and memory ability of AD rats. The neuro-protective effect was accomplished probably by depressing inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain.

[Analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor expression and gene expression status in tissue microarray of cervical squamous cell carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the protein expression and gene expression status and the relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein expression and EGFR gene status. METHODS: Tissue microarray containing 72 cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues was constructed, and EGFR protein expression and gene status were evaluated by immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques. RESULTS: Protein expression of EGFR: 69 of 72 cervical squamous cell carcinomas were observed. The results demonstrated it was significant association with invasion depth, lymph node metastasis and lymph-vessel invasion (χ(2) = 4.998, P < 0.05; χ(2) = 4.299, P < 0.05; χ(2) = 4.686, P < 0.05) in cervical squamous cell carcinomas. For FISH assessing EGFR gene, 64 of 72 carcinomas were observed; 7 of 64 cases showed EGFR gene amplification, and 25 disomy, 23 trisomy and 9 polysomy were detected. There were high levels of protein expression in all the EGFR gene amplification cases, and there were significant association between EGFR protein expression and the gene copy number (χ(2) = 13.564, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: EGFR may participate in the occurrence, progression and metastasis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Overexpression of EGFR protein may result from gene amplification and gene copy number increases, which showed that EGFR gene expression status may be a more effective biological indicator of cervical squamous cell carcinoma targeted therapy.

Effects of sodium metavanadate and germination on the sprouting of chickpeas and its content of vanadium, formononetin and biochanin A in the sprouts.

Chickpea sprouts (CS) may become one of the natural products of high demand due to their nutritional values. The aim of this work was to study the enrichment of vanadium (V) during the germination of chickpea seeds in order to combine the high nutritive value of sprouts with a readily bioavailable source of essential trace element-V. Chickpea seeds were germinated in sodium metavanadate solutions (NaVO(3)) with different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1,000, 1,200, 1,400, and 1,600 mg/L as NaVO(3)) for 6 days at 28 °C. It was found that the addition of sodium metavanadate produced slight stress effect, and the growth of CS was inhibited. The addition of sodium metavanadate significantly increased V content in CS in a dose-dependent manner. The highest V content (1.52 mg/g) in CS was observed when germination was carried out in the NaVO(3) solution with 1,200 mg/L NaVO(3) concentration. Chickpea seeds germinated in 50 ∼200 mg/L NaVO(3) solutions for 6 days at 28 °C showed a higher germination rate (>99%%) and a higher content of isoflavones including formononetin and biochanin A than those obtained in NaVO(3) solutions with other concentration in the same germination conditions. Therefore, a concentration of 50∼200 mg/L sodium metavanadate solutions should be used for the production of V-enriched chickpea sprouts (VCS).

Hydroxysafflor yellow A attenuates lymphostatic encephalopathy-induced brain injury in rats.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is a main chemical component of the flower of Carthamus tinctorius. The present study investigated whether HSYA could attenuate brain injury induced by lymphostatic encephalopathy (LE). This was induced in adult male Wistar rats by cervical lymphatic blockade (CLB). Heart rate variability (HRV) was used as an indirect measurement of the regulatory function of the autonomic nervous system by recording the ECG signals from rats. It was shown that treatment with HSYA (5 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly alleviated the neurological deficits observed in rats with LE. Histological staining revealed that HSYA treatment attenuated LE-induced cell apoptosis in the rostral ventrolateral medullus (RVLM). Animals in the LE groups exhibited impaired regulatory roles of the autonomic nervous system in cardiovascular function, which was suppressed by pretreatment with HSYA. Additionally, HSYA administration significantly prevented the decrease of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA and protein expression in the RVLM of rats with LE. These findings suggest that HSYA might provide neuroprotection against LE-induced brain injury and the associated functional alterations, which is likely regulated by the nitric oxide pathway.

Effects of sodium selenite and germination on the sprouting of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) and its content of selenium, formononetin and biochanin A in the sprouts.

To improve the nutritional value of chickpea food, selenium (Se)-rich chickpea sprouts were produced by germination of chickpea seeds for 6 days at 28 centigrade in the presence of various concentrations of Na(2)SeO(3) in germination solution. High concentrations of selenite were found to inhibit the growth of chickpea sprout and the biosynthesis of isoflavones formononetin and biochanin A. However, chickpea sprouts could tolerate up to ~50 mg/L of Na(2)SeO(3), under which condition the product chickpea sprouts contained a high Se content (2.14 µg/g dry weight) and a moderate high content of isoflavones (601.56 µg biochanin A/g dry weight and 578.11 µg formononetin/g dry weight). Se was incorporated in chickpea sprout in the form of selenomethionine. Thus, Se-enriched chickpea sprouts may serve as a convenient dietary source of Se and of isoflavones, including formononetin and biochanin A.

HIF-1-α and survivin involved in the anti-apoptotic effect of 2ME2 after global ischemia in rats.

Survivin is an anti-apoptotic gene that decreases the apoptosis by depressing the expression of caspase-3. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha (HIF-1-alpha) is a transcription factor specifically activated by hypoxia. 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) is an estradiol derivative and a known HIF-1-alpha inhibitor. 2ME2 decreased apoptosis by inhibiting HIF-1-alpha. The aim of the present study was to investigate if survivin is involved in the anti-apoptotic effect of 2ME2. Male adult rats were used to make the global ischemia (GI) model. Ten minutes after GI, 2ME2 was injected intraperitoneally (16 mg/kg weight). Rats were killed at 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 96 hours, and 7 days. GI produced a marked increase in HIF-1-alpha expressions in the hippocampus at 6 hours and peaked at 48-96 hours. The expressions of survivin and caspase-3 were increased lightly in a similar time course. These molecular changes were accompanied by massive cell loss and apoptosis in the hippocampal regions. 2ME2 treatment reduced the expression of HIF-1-alpha, increased survivin expression, and decreased the expression of caspase-3. These results indicate that survivin and HIF-1-alpha were involved in the anti-apoptotic effect of 2ME2 treated following GI. 2ME2 may decrease the HIF-1-alpha expression, up-regulate the survivin expression, inhibit the expression of caspase-3, and finally reduce apoptosis after GI.

Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in a rat model.

BACKGROUND: Hydrogen-rich saline has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and effectively protect against organ damage. Oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to the pathogenesis and/or development of pulmonary hypertension. In this study, we investigated the effects of hydrogen-rich saline on the prevention of pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline in a rat model. METHODS: In male Sprague-Dawley rats, pulmonary hypertension was induced by subcutaneous administration of monocrotaline at a concentration of 6 mg/100 g body weight. Hydrogen-rich saline (5 ml/kg) or saline was administered intraperitoneally once daily for 2 or 3 weeks. Severity of pulmonary hypertension was assessed by hemodynamic index and histologic analysis. Malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine level, and superoxide dismutase activity were measured in the lung tissue and serum. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6) in serum were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Hydrogen-rich saline treatment improved hemodynamics and reversed right ventricular hypertrophy. It also decreased malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine levels, and increased superoxide dismutase activity in the lung tissue and serum, accompanied by a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that hydrogen-rich saline ameliorates the progression of pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline in rats, which may be associated with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Simple diffusion delivery via brain interstitial route for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.

Delivering pharmacologic agents directly into the brain has been proposed as a means of bypassing the blood brain barrier. However, despite 16 years of research on a number of central nervous system disorders, an effective treatment using this strategy has only been observed in the brain tumor glioblastoma multiforme. Within this study we propose a novel system for delivering drugs into the brain named the simple diffusion (SDD) system. To validate this technique, rats were subjected to a single intracranial (at the caudate nucleus), or intraperitoneal injection, of the compound citicoline, followed two hours later by a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Results showed that 12 h after pMCAO, with 0.0025 g kg(-1) citicoline, an infarct volume 1/6 the size of the intraperitoneal group was achieved with a dose 1/800 of that required for the intraperitoneal group. These results suggest that given the appropriate injection point, through SDD a pharmacologically effective concentration of citicoline can be administered.

Extract of Ginkgo biloba promotes the expression of VEGF following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Wistar rats were divided into non-SAH, SAH, vehicle, EGb1 (low-dose), and EGb2 (high-dose) groups. VEGF mRNA and VEGF protein were measured from brain tissues. The expressions of VEGF mRNA in SAH and vehicle groups were enhanced 24 and 72 hr after the establishment of SAH. Increased VEGF positive cells were found in the brain tissues in SAH and vehicle groups. The expressions of VEGF mRNA and VEGF protein were further increased by the pretreatment of EGb. We concluded that EGb exerts protective effects on secondary cerebral ischemic injury after SAH via the promotion of the expression of VEGF.

Variations in blood pressure and heart rate in conscious rats with cervical lymphatic blockade.

The possible effects of cervical lymphatic blockade (CLB) on a series of parameters in conscious freely moving rats were analysed. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) for conscious male Sprague-Dawley rats at 1, 3, 7, 11, 15 and 21 days after a CLB or a sham operation were monitored continuously for 24 hours with a computerized recording system. Since BP and HR were subjected to spontaneous variations, blood pressure variability (BPV) and heart rate variability (HRV) were expressed as the standard deviation of beat-to-beat BP and HR values. The baroreflex sensitivities (BRS) were determined by measuring the heart period (HP = 60,000/HR) prolongation in response to the elevation in BP induced by an intravenous administration of phenylephrine at 1, 7, 15 and 21 days after the CLB or sham operation. Compared with those in sham-operated rats, the values of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), HR and BRS in CLB rats were significantly lower, whereas the values of BPV and HRV were markedly raised in CLB rats at different time points. Furthermore, the impaired ultrastructure in the dorsomedial nucleus of the solitary tract (dmNTS) including degeneration, apoptosis and necrosis in neurons and gliacytes, were apparent from the 1st to 15th day but the changes were most significant at 7th day after CLB operation. Structural changes appeared to be closely related to functional changes of the dmNTS at each time point. Thus, in CLB conscious rats, a significant decline in blood pressure accompanied by dysfunction in its regulation might be due to the impaired structure in the dmNTS.

Vanadium-enriched chickpea sprout ameliorated hyperglycemia and impaired memory in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats.

Vanadium compounds have been recognized for their hypoglycemic effects; however, potential short and long-term vanadium toxicity has slowed the acceptance for therapeutic use. In the present work, three batches of vanadium-enriched chickpea sprout (VCS) were prepared by incubating chickpea seeds in presence of 200, 100, and 50 microg/ml of sodium orthovanadate (SOV). The effects of oral administration of chickpea sprout (CS) and VCS food for 8 weeks on streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats were investigated. Both CS and VCS food was found to ameliorate some hyperglycemic symptoms of the diabetic rats, i.e. improve lipid metabolism, decrease blood glucose level, prevent body weight loss, and reduce impairment of diabetic related spatial learning and memory. Serum insulin was substantially elevated in treated diabetic rats, which is probably one important reason for the hypoglycemic effect. Compared with CS alone, VCS100 food exhibited remarkably enhanced effectiveness in alleviating diabetes induced hyperglycemia and memory loss. Moreover, vanadium-enriched chickpeas appeared to abolish the vanadium induced toxicity associated with administration of this metal for diabetes during the 8-week study period. This study suggested further work of the vanadium speciation in CS and novel hypoglycemic mechanism for the antidiabetic activity of vanadium agents. Vanadium containing (VCS) food could be a dietary supplement for the diabetic status.

[Separation of water-soluble active components in Salvia miltiorrhiza bge. f. alba using capillary zone electrophoresis].

To establish a high performance capillary zone electrophoretic method for the separation of water-soluble active components, protocatechuic aldehyde (PAH), danshensu (DSS), and protocatechuic acid (PA), in Salvia miltiorrhiza bge. f. alba, many factors that can affect the resolution and the migration time, including the concentration of phosphate-borax buffer, pH value, separation voltage and detection wavelength were investigated. The optimized conditions were as follows: uncoated capillary column, 75 microm x 60.2 cm (effective length of 50 cm); column temperature, 25 degrees C; detection wavelength of the photo-diode-array detector, 210 nm; injection, 3.45 kPa x 4 s; separation voltage, 27.5 kV; running buffer, 5 mmol/L borax (pH 7.5). Under the optimized conditions, good separation of PAH, DSS and PA can be achieved in less than 8 min.

Effects of extract of ginkgo biloba on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and cerebral blood flow in a rat model of subarachnoid haemorrhage.

The purpose of this study was to investigate in effect of extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) on cerebral blood perfusion in a subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) rat model. SAH lead to an increase in intracranial pressure and decrease in cranial perfusion pressure and regional cerebral blood flow in all groups. However, the intracranial pressure increases in EGb groups were less than that of the vehicle group (p < .01), whereas the reduction in cranial perfusion pressure and regional cerebral blood flow in the EGb group was less than that of the vehicle and SAH groups (p < .01). It was concluded that EGb attenuates the increase in intracranial pressure and reduction in cerebral blood perfusion after SAH.

Inhibition of caspase-8 attenuates neuronal death induced by limbic seizures in a cytochrome c-dependent and Smac/DIABLO-independent way.

There is increasing evidence that neuronal cell death induced by seizures occurs via extrinsic (death receptors) and intrinsic (mitochondria) pathways. Caspase-8 cleaves Bid, which releases cytochrome c, bridging the "extrinsic" and "intrinsic" pathways. Cleavage of Bid may amplify caspase-8-induced neuronal cell death following seizures. In the present study, we explored the effect of an inhibitor of caspase-8 (z-IETD-fmk) on the release of Smac/DIABLO and cytochrome c from mitochondria. Rats received intra-amygdaloid injection of kainic acid (KA) to induce seizures for 1 h. The seizures were then terminated by diazepam (30 mg/kg). The damaged and surviving neurons in hippocampus were observed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and cresyl violet staining, the expression of caspase-8, Bid, XIAP, caspase-9, cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO were detected with immunofluorescence and Western blot. The cleavage of caspase-8 and Bid increased at 0 h, cytosolic fraction of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO increased by 2 h, cleavage of caspase-9 was detected by 4 h, TUNEL-positive neurons appeared at 8 h and reached a maximum at 24 h following administration of diazepam in the ipsilateral CA3 subfield of hippocampus. Inhibition of caspase-8 significantly decreased neuronal cell death, accompanied by reduction of t-Bid, cleaved caspase-9 and cytosol cytochrome c. Smac/DIABLO from mitochondria was not affected. These results suggest that seizures can lead the translocation of cytochrome c into the cytosol, and the activation of caspase-8 occurs upstream the mitochondria release of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO. Inhibition of caspase-8 attenuated neuronal cell death following seizures by decreasing mitochondria release of cytochrome c but not Smac/DIABLO.

Expression of the receptors of VEGF and the influence of extract of Ginkgo biloba after cisternal injection of autologus arterial hemolysate in rats.

The study was aimed to investigate the alterations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors and the influence of extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Wistar rats were divided into non-SAH, SAH, vehicle, EGb1 (lower dose), and EGb2 (higher dose) groups. Autologus arterial hemolysate was injected into cisterna magna to induce SAH. The non-SAH rats received cisternal injection of saline instead. Rats underwent RT-PCR determination of one of the VEGF receptors flt-1mRNA, and immunohistochemistry for VEGF receptors Flt-1 and Flk-1. The results revealed that there was only slight expression of flt-1mRNA in the brain tissue in non-SAH rats. The expression in SAH group was enhanced 24 hours and 72 hours after cisternal injection. No Flt-1 and Flk-1 positive cell was observed in the brain in non-SAH group. A good few Flt-1 and Flk-1 positive cells were found in cortex and other regions of the brain in SAH group. The expression of flt-1mRNA, Flt-1 and Flk-1 proteins were increased by the use of two doses of EGb. It was concluded that the up-regulated expression of the two kinds of VEGF receptors may be an intrinsic protective mechanism in the process of SAH, which can be enhanced by EGb.

Changes of nitric oxide, oxide free radicals, and systolic arterial blood pressure in rats with experimental lymphatostatic encephalopathy.

The model of lymphatostatic encephalopathy was established by occluding and removing profound cervical nodes in rats, and the kinetic alteration of nitric oxide (NO), maleic dialdehyde (MDA), free radical scavenger (CuZn-SOD) and arterial systolic blood pressure were determined on different days after the blockage. The results showed that the level of NO significantly decreased at 1 day (P<0.05) and further decreased at 3, 5 and 7 day (P<0.01). The levels of MDA at 1, 3, 5 and 7 day significantly increased, but the contents of CuZn-SOD significantly decreased compared with the control (P<0.01). There was negative correlation between the levels of MDA and CuZn-SOD, but there was no relationship between MDA an NO. Arterial systolic blood pressure decreased progressively after cervical lymphatic blockage. The results showed that NO, oxide free radicals and the disturbances of the cardiovascular regulation may play important roles in lymphatostatic encephalopathy.

Effects of blockade of cerebral lymphatic drainage on regional cerebral blood flow and brain edema after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The study was designed to observe the influence of blockade of cerebral lymphatic drainage on the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and brain edema after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Wistar rats were divided into non-SAH, SAH, and SAH plus cervical lymphatic blockade (SAH + CLB) groups. Autologous arterial hemolysate was injected into rat's cisterna magna to induce SAH. The rCBF was recorded continuously by a laser Doppler flowmeter. Intracranial pressure (ICP) was also monitored. After 24 hours and 72 hours of SAH, the rats were sacrificed and the brain was harvested for water content detection. It was found that there was no obvious change of rCBF and brain water content during the experiment in non-SAH group. An immediate and persistent drop in rCBF was found in SAH group. The drop in rCBF was more obvious in SAH + CLB group. CLB also worsened the SAH-induced increase in ICP. The brain water content 24 hours and 72 hours after induction of SAH in SAH group increased significantly. CLB led to a further increase of brain water content. In conclusion, blockade of cerebral lymphatic drainage pathway deteriorates the secondary cerebral ischemia and brain edema after SAH.