Anmeidan Improves Learning and Memory Ability of Sleep-deprived Rats by Regulating Astrocyte Activity / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Anmeidan （AMD） on the learning and memory ability of sleep-deprived rats and the mechanism. MethodA total of 50 SD rats were randomized into control group， model group， low-dose AMD group （4.55 g·kg-1·d-1）， high-dose AMD group （18.18 g·kg-1·d-1）， and estazolam group （0.09 mg·kg-1·d-1）. Insomnia was induced in rats with the self-made sleep deprivation box （21 days）. The learning and memory ability of rats was measured by Morris water maze. Immunofluorescence method was employed to detect the number of cells expressing N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 （NDRG2） and glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） in hippocampus of rats， real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） to determine the mRNA expression of hippocampal NDRG2， glial glutamate transporter-1 （GLT-1）， and GluNR2A and GluNR2B N-methyl-D-aspartate （NMDA） receptor subunits， and Western blot to examine the protein expression of NDRG2 and GLT-1 in hippocampus. ResultCompared with control group， the model group showed increase in the latency to reach the platform and total swimming distance， significant decrease in the total distance moved in the target quadrant， time in target quadrant， and times of crossing the platform （P<0.01）， rise in the number of cells expressing NDRG2 and GFAP in the hippocampal CA1 region （P<0.01） and the mRNA level of NDRG2 and GluNR2B， reduction in the mRNA level of GLT-1 and GluNR2A， elevation in NDRG2 protein expression （P<0.01）， and decrease in GLT-1 protein expression （P<0.01）. In contrast to the model group， low-dose and high-dose AMD improved the learning and memory levels of sleep-deprived rats （P<0.01）， reduced the number of cells expressing NDRG2 and GFAP （P<0.01）， significantly decreased the mRNA expression of NDRG2 and GluNR2B， increased the mRNA expression of GLT-1 and GluNR2A， reduced NDRG2 protein level （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and raised GLT-1 protein level （P<0.01）. ConclusionAMD can improve the learning and memory ability of sleep-deprived rats. The mechanism is the likelihood that it regulates astrocyte activity， thereby affecting the neurotransmitter level and synaptic plasticity in the brain.

Research progress on mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome / 中国针灸

The current clinical evidence and underlying mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were summarized, so as to better optimize clinical treatment. The relevant articles of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of IBS in recent years were retrieved and summarized. We found that the clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of IBS was relatively reliable. However, the mutual relationships among various mechanisms of action such as abnormal gastrointestinal motility, high visceral sensitivity, intestinal microenvironment disorders, and abnormal intestinal-brain interactions need to be further explored. The authors believe that in-depth explorations of the bidirectional regulation of "gut-brain axis", the law of changes in the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora, and the establishment of a more ideal animal model of TCM syndrome differentiation are useful ideas for subsequent research.

Wuhan's experience in fighting against COVID-19:How to prevent COVID-19 infection among health care workers / 中国感染控制杂志

In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)pandemic,thousands of health care wor- kers (HCWs)worldwide infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2),some even have lost their lives.At the early stage of the epidemic,some Chinese HCWs were infected.Owing to limited knowledge of characteristics of SARS-CoV-2,more than 3,000 HCWs in Hubei Province contracted SARS-CoV-2 at the early stage of the outbreak.Due to overloaded work of HCWs in local hospitals,more than 42,000 HCWs (including HCWs from the military)were dispatched to Hubei Province from all over the country.At the peak of epidemic,one in 10 intensive care HCWs in China were working in Wuhan.During fighting against COVID-19 in China,although a certain number of HCWs were infected with SARS-CoV-2 at the early stages of the epidemic, effective prevention was achieved through timely adoption of prevention measures,including fast diagnosis,timely isolation of patients,strengthening of HCWs'safety,intensified training on basic protective knowledge and unified management of HCWs,there was no report about infection among the 42,632 members of the national medical teams sent to Hubei,and the number of COVID-19 cases among HCWs in local hospitals also significantly de- creased,thereby indicating that healthcare-associated infection (HAI)of COVID-19 among HCWs are fully pre- ventable.This paper explores how to prevent HCWs from contracting SARS-CoV-2 through effective measures during the epidemic in Wuhan,China.

Acute liver injury and its association with death risk of patients with COVID-19: a hospital-based prospective case-cohort study

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) with multiple organ injuries. The aim of this study was to analyze SARS-CoV-2-induced acute liver injury (ALI), its association with death risk and prognosis after discharge. MethodsThree-hundred and fifty-five COVID-19 patients were recruited. Clinical data were collected from electronic medical records. ALI was evaluated and its prognosis was tracked. The association between ALI and death risk was analyzed. ResultsOf 355 COVID-19 patients, 211 were common, 88 severe, and 51 critical ill cases, respectively. On admission, 223 (62.8%) patients were with hypoproteinemia, 151(42.5%) with cholestasis, and 101 (28.5%) with hepatocellular injury. As expected, ALI was more common in critical ill patients. By multivariate logistic regression, male, older age and lymphocyte reduction were three important independent risk factors predicting ALI among COVID-19 patients. Death risk analysis shows that fatality rate was higher among patients with hypoproteinemia than those without hypoproteinemia (RR=9.471, P<0.001). Moreover, fatality rate was higher among patients with cholestasis than those without cholestasis (RR=2.182, P<0.05). Follow-up observation found that more than one hepatic functional indexes of two-third patients remained abnormal 14 days after discharge. ConclusionsALI at early stage elevates death risk of COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2-induced ALI has not recovered completely 14 days after discharge.

Acute kidney injury at early stage as a negative prognostic indicator of patients with COVID-19: a hospital-based retrospective analysis

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerged infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has been pandemic all over the world. This study described acute kidney injury (AKI) at early stage of COVID-19 and its clinical significance. Three-hundred and fifty-five COVID-19 patients with were recruited and clinical data were collected from electronic medical records. Patients prognosis was tracked and risk factors of AKI was analyzed. Of 355 COVID-19 patients, common, severe and critical ill cases accounted for 63.1%, 16.9% and 20.0%, respectively. On admission, 56 (15.8%) patients were with AKI. Although AKI was more common in critical ill patients with COVID-19, there was no significant association between oxygenation index and renal functional indices among COVID-19 patients with AKI. By multivariate logistic regression, male, older age and comorbidity with diabetes were three important independent risk factors predicting AKI among COVID-19 patients. Among 56 COVID-19 patients with AKI, 33.9% were died on mean 10.9 day after hospitalization. Fatality rate was obviously higher among COVID-+19 patients with AKI than those without AKI (RR=7.08, P<0.001). In conclusion, male elderly COVID-19 patients with diabetes are more susceptible to AKI. AKI at early stage may be a negative prognostic indicator for COVID-19.

Influence factors of death risk among COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China: a hospital-based case-cohort study

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggered by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been widely pandemic all over the world. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence factors of death risk among 200 COVID-19 patients. MethodsTwo hundred patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were recruited. Demographic data and clinical characteristics were collected from electronic medical records. Biochemical indexes on admission were measured and patients prognosis was tracked. The association of demographic data, clinical characteristics and biochemical indexes with death risk was analyzed. ResultsOf 200 COVID-19 patients, 163 (81.5%) had at least one of comorbidities, including diabetes, hypertension, hepatic disease, cardiac disease, chronic pulmonary disease and others. Among all patients, critical cases, defined as oxygenation index lower than 200, accounted for 26.2%. Severe cases, oxygenation index from 200 to 300, were 29.7%. Besides, common cases, oxygenation index higher than 300, accounted for 44.1%. At the end of follow-up, 34 (17%) were died on mean 10.9 day after hospitalization. Stratified analysis revealed that older ages, lower oxygenation index and comorbidities elevated death risk of COVID-19 patients. On admission, 85.5% COVID-19 patients were with at least one of extrapulmonary organ injuries. Univariable logistic regression showed that ALT and TBIL, two indexes of hepatic injury, AST, myoglobin and LDH, AST/ALT ratio, several markers of myocardial injury, creatinine, urea nitrogen and uric acid, three indexes of renal injury, were positively associated with death risk of COVID-19 patients. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that AST/ALT ratio, urea nitrogen, TBIL and LDH on admission were positively correlated with death risk of COVID-19 patients. ConclusionOlder age, lower oxygenation index and comorbidities on admission elevate death risk of COVID-19 patients. AST/ALT ratio, urea nitrogen, TBIL and LDH on admission may be potential prognostic indicators. Early hospitalization is of great significance to prevent multiple organ damage and improve the survival of COVID-19 patients. SummaryIn this hospital-based case-cohort study, we found that serum urea nitrogen, TBIL, LDH and AST/ALT ratio, several markers of extrapulmonary organ injuries, were positively correlated with death risk of COVID-19 patients. We provide evidence for the first time that multiple organ damage on admission influences the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Early hospitalization is beneficial for elevating the survival rate of COVID-19 patients especially critical ill patients.

Preliminary study of in vivo dose measurement of intensity-modulated radiotherapy for cervical cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To monitor and evaluate in vivo dose changes of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients with cervical cancer in a real-time manner. Methods:Twelve patients with cervical cancer admitted to our hospital were enrolled in this study. The in vivo doses were monitored by PerFRACTION?. Electronic portal imaging device (EPID) were collected in each treatment fraction for two-dimensional in vivo dose verification[γ index and dose difference (DD) index]. Log files were recorded for three-dimensional in vivo dose verification (γ index). The correlation between in vivo dose and treatment duration was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results:A total of 206 sets of EPID images and corresponding Log files were collected. The three-dimensional in vivo dose verification γ 1%/1mm of all patients was not correlated with treatment fraction ( P>0.05). Among them, the absolute difference of γ 1%/1mm of 94.66% fractions was< 1%. The mean DD 3% of two-dimensional in vivo dose verification of all patients was negatively correlated with treatment fraction ( P<0.05). Among which, the average γ 3%/3mm of 9 patients was>89% in the treatment fractions, and the average γ 3%/3mm of 98.57% fractions of these 9 patients was>93%. The other 3 patients had an average γ 3%/3mm ranged from 38% to 100%. CBCT images showed that the bladder volume of these 3 patients was significantly decreased with the relative changes by 82.08%, 84.41% and 73.59%, respectively, and the target area was retracted significantly with the relative changes by 38.12%, 59.79% and 24.46%, respectively. Conclusion:Combined with γ index and DD index, PerFRACTION? can monitor the mechanical stability of accelerator and MU delivery accuracy during treatment fractions, and monitor the changes of in vivo dose in patients with cervical cancer, which can improve the safety and quality assurance of IMRT for cervical cancer patients and provide guidance for patients with adaptive radiotherapy.

Research progress in molecular biology of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos / 中国中药杂志

Molecular biology is a new subject that clarifies the phenomena and nature of life at the molecular level. Its development provides new biotechnology and methods for the study of traditional pharmacognosy. The formation of molecular biology has brought the development of pharmacognosy into a new era of gene research. Lonicerae Japonicae Flos is a classical Chinese medicine. Many scholars of home and abroad have carried out relevant studies on its molecular biology on the basis of the in-depth study with traditional methods, and have achieved certain results. In order to provide references on the method, technical for promoting the modernization of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, and the development, protection, and utilization of other traditional Chinese medicine resources. This article summarized the application status of molecular biology methods and techniques on the identification, biosynthesis of active constituents, and molecular mechanism of secondary metabolite under stress conditions of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos in recent years. In hybridization technology of tag(RFLP), molecular markers based on PCR(RAPD, AFLP, SSR and ISSR), based on DNA sequence analysis of SNP and DNA barcode for the variety identification, diagnosis, identification of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, and so forth in detail. At the same time, it is proposed that multi-omics technology can be used to build systems biology technology and platforms, and establish related models of secondary metabolite biosynthesis, so as to deepen acknowledge the molecular mechanism of the active component biosynthesis of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and the accumulation of metabolites, life activities of other medicinal plants under adverse environment, then to regulate them.

Analysis and evaluation of dynamic accumulation of multiple bioactive constituents in Spatholobi Caulis / 中国中药杂志

A method was established for simultaneous determination of 21 active constituents including flavanols, isoflavones, flavonols, dihydroflavones, dihydroflavonols, chalcones, pterocarpan, anthocyanidins and phenolic acids in Spatholobi Caulis by ultra fast liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry(UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS). Then, it was employed to analyze and evaluate the dynamic accumulation of multiple bioactive constituents in Spatholobi Caulis. The chromatographic separation was performed on a XBridge®C_(18)(4.6 mm×100 mm, 3.5 μm) at 30 ℃ with a gradient elution of 0.3% formic acid aqueous solution-methanol, and the flow rate was 0.8 mL·min~(-1), using multiple-reaction monitoring(MRM) mode. A comprehensive evaluation of the multiple bioactive constituents was carried out by gray correlation analysis(GRA). The 21 target components showed good linearity(r>0.999 0) in the range of the tested concentrations. The average recovery rates of the 21 components were from 97.46% to 103.6% with relative standard deviations less than 5.0%. There were differences in the contents of 21 components in Spatholobi Caulis at diffe-rent harvest periods. Spatholobi Caulis had high quality from early November to early December, which is consistent with the local tradi-tional harvest period. This study reveals the rule of the dynamic accumulation of 21 components in Spatholobi Caulis and provides basic information for the suitable harvest time. At the same time, it provides a new method reference for the comprehensive evaluation of the internal quality of Spatholobi Caulis.

Association between plasma factor VIII level and clinical indicators and prognosis in patients with IgA nephropathy / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between plasma factor VIII (FVIII) level and the clinical indicators and prognosis in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients.Methods:The clinical data of IgAN patients diagnosed from the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2016 to December 2016 were collected. Patients were divided into high FVIII group (FVIII>140.50%) and low FVIII group (FVIII≤140.50%) according to the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The baseline clinical parameters at the time of renal biopsy between two groups of patients were compared. Taking the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reduction ≥30% or entering end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as the endpoint event, Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the association between plasma FVIII level and prognosis in IgAN patients.Results:A total of 93 patients were ultimately retained for this study, with a median follow-up of 35.15(33.77, 36.76) months. Twelve (12.90%) patients reached the endpoint event. The levels of serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, triglyceride, total cholesterol, plasma fibrinogen, D-dimer, 24-hour urinary protein, protein C, protein S, slope of eGFR and age in the high FVIII group were higher than those in the low FVIII group (all P<0.05). The levels of eGFR, serum albumin and follow-up time in the high FVIII group were lower than those in the low FVIII group (all P<0.05). The renal cumulative survival rate was significantly lower in the high FVIII group than that in the low FVIII group ( χ2=5.635, P=0.018) according to the Kaplan-Meier analysis. After adjusting for variables such as systolic blood pressure, eGFR, urinary protein, and renal tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis, multivariate Cox proportional hazards models analysis showed that high level of plasma FVIII was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in IgAN patients ( HR=4.147, 95% CI 1.055-16.308, P=0.042). Conclusions:The level of plasma FVIII is associated with clinical indicators and prognosis in IgAN patients. The higher level of plasma FVIII can be identified as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in IgAN patients.

Processing of impedance cardiogram differential for non-invasive cardiac function detection / 生物医学工程学杂志

The precise recognition of feature points of impedance cardiogram (ICG) is the precondition of calculating hemodynamic parameters based on thoracic bioimpedance. To improve the accuracy of detecting feature points of ICG signals, a new method was proposed to de-noise ICG signal based on the adaptive ensemble empirical mode decomposition and wavelet threshold firstly, and then on the basis of adaptive ensemble empirical mode decomposition, we combined difference and adaptive segmentation to detect the feature points, A, B, C and X, in ICG signal. We selected randomly 30 ICG signals in different forms from diverse cardiac patients to examine the accuracy of the proposed approach and the accuracy rate of the proposed algorithm is 99.72%. The improved accuracy rate of feature detection can help to get more accurate cardiac hemodynamic parameters on the basis of thoracic bioimpedance.

Effects of puerarin on H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the neuroprotective effects of puerarin on H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cell ap-optosis and the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects. Methods Neuron injury mod-el was established in vitro through H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y injury. MTT assay was performed to detect the effect of puerarin on H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y survival rates. Hoechst 33342 staining was used to observe the cell apoptosis. JC-1 staining was employed to detect the level of mitochondria membrane poential. Caspase-3 was determined by caspase-3 catalyze the substrate specificity Ac-DEVD-pNA. Caspase-9 was determined by caspase-9 catalyze the substrate specificity Ac-LE-HD-pNA. The effects of puerarin on the protein level of Bcl-2,Bax,p-Akt and Akt were determined by West-ern blot. Results The cell survival rate significantly increased after puerarin pretreatment compared with H2O2model group. Furthermore, puerarin pretreat-ment not only inhibited the decreasing of mitochondrial membrane potential,increasing of caspase-3, caspase-9 enzymatic activity and the expression of Bax,but also promoted the expression of p-Akt and Bcl-2, which was prevented by LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt. Conclusion Puerarin can play a neuroprotective role for SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis induced by H2O2, maybe via activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Thoughts of omics research on quality formation in Dao-di herbs / 中国中药杂志

Dao-di herbs have been recognized as "quality models" with a firmly stable status. The formation of Dao-di herbs quality is involved from the genetic inheritance on the molecular level to the metabolic phenotype of final products, and the full material-based biosynthetic pathway remains unknown. In recent years, an increasing variety of omics technologies has provided new methods and ideas for the analysis of complex life systems and are suitable for explanation of quality formation in Dao-di herbs as well. In order to alleviate the scarcity of natural resources and offer scientific guidance of transplanting varieties, achievements of omics in the aspects of Dao-di herbs from genetics to phenotyping, the biosynthetic pathway of secondary metabolites, the interaction with human body and the new methods of quality evaluation have been summarized. It will be a fundamental work for protection and utilization of Chinese medicine resources.

Polymorphism of OAS2 rs739901 C/A Involves the Susceptibility to EV71 Infection in Chinese Children / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study aimed to assess the relationship of OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking C/A polymorphisms with the susceptibility to Enterovirus-71 (EV71) infection.We investigated 294 hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) Chinese children with EV71 infection (165 mild cases and 129 encephalitis cases).The improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique was used to test the genotypes.In EV71-infected patients,the CA genotype distribution (P=0.007),A allele frequency (OR 1.32,95％ CI 1.0-1.7,P=0.034)and CA+AA carriage frequency (P=0.003) of OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking were obviously elevated as compared with controls,but there were no statistically significant differences between mild cases and encephalitis cases.In EV71-infected patients,the counts of white blood cells (P=0.034) and blood glucose concentrations (P=0.042) were raised in A carriers (CA+AA).Among different genotypes of encephalitis cases,the contents of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed no significant differences.IFN-γ levels in EV71-infected patients were higher than those in controls (mild group vs.control group,P＜0.01;encephalitis group vs.control group,P＜0.001).In encephalitis cases,IFN-γ levels were reduced (P＜0.05) in A carriers compared to CC genotype,however,there were no significant differences between genotypes CA and AA (P=0.226).These findings suggest that OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking C/A genetic polymorphisms involve the susceptibility to EV71 infection,and A allele might be a risk factor of the susceptibility to EV-71 infection.

Comparative analysis of multiple index constituents in Ophiopogonis Radix and Liriopes Radix / 中国中药杂志

An analytical method based on UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS was established for simultaneous determination of thirty-three components including steroidal saponins, homoisoflavonoids, amino acids and nucleosides in Ophiopogonis Radix. Thirty-three target components of commercial medicinal materials of Maidong were comparative analysis. Synergi™ Hydro-RP 100 column (2.0 mm × 100 mm, 2.5 μm) was used with 0.1% formic acid solution-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile for gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL·min⁻¹. In addition, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was employed. The data were comprehensively processed and analyzed with hierarchical clustering analysis(HCA), principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) methods. All components showed good linearity(>0.999 0) within the tested ranges. The average recoveries were between 96.23%-102.0%, and the relative standard deviation(RSD) were less than 5%. The results showed that there were significant differences in components between Ophiopogonis Radix and Liriopes Radix, with seven components obviously different. This method was useful for providing basis for the comprehensive evaluation and intrinsic quality control of Ophiopogonis Radix and Liriopes Radix , and may provide a new method reference for the identification of Ophiopogonis Radix and Liriopes Radix.

Stimultaneous determination of multiple bioactive constituents in Panacis Japonici Rhizoma processed by different methods and grey relational analysis / 中国中药杂志

A method, for determination of saponins, amino acids and nucleosides in Panacis Japonici Rhizoma of ultra fast liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS), was established to investigate the effect of different processing methods on the target components of Panacis Japonici Rhizoma. The chromatographic separation was performed on a XBridgeC₁₈(4.6 mm×100 mm, 3.5 μm) at 30 °C with a gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid solution-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile, and the flow rate was 0.8 mL·min⁻¹, using multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The grey relational analysis was adopted for the analysis of different processing samples. The results showed that the thirty-three constituents were in a good linear range and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.999 0; the precision, repeatability and stability were good; the average recovery rates were between 95.33% and 101.8%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 5%. The result of grey relational analysis showed that the complete rhizomes without peeling, which were adopted for the microwave dried method, had the best quality. The established method was accurate and reliable, which could be used to appraise the quality of Panacis Japonici Rhizoma. Our study may lay the way for the processing method of Panacis Japonici Rhizoma in optimization,normalization and standardization.

Polymorphism of OAS2 rs739901 C/A Involves the Susceptibility to EV71 Infection in Chinese Children / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study aimed to assess the relationship of OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking C/A polymorphisms with the susceptibility to Enterovirus-71 (EV71) infection.We investigated 294 hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) Chinese children with EV71 infection (165 mild cases and 129 encephalitis cases).The improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique was used to test the genotypes.In EV71-infected patients,the CA genotype distribution (P=0.007),A allele frequency (OR 1.32,95％ CI 1.0-1.7,P=0.034)and CA+AA carriage frequency (P=0.003) of OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking were obviously elevated as compared with controls,but there were no statistically significant differences between mild cases and encephalitis cases.In EV71-infected patients,the counts of white blood cells (P=0.034) and blood glucose concentrations (P=0.042) were raised in A carriers (CA+AA).Among different genotypes of encephalitis cases,the contents of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed no significant differences.IFN-γ levels in EV71-infected patients were higher than those in controls (mild group vs.control group,P＜0.01;encephalitis group vs.control group,P＜0.001).In encephalitis cases,IFN-γ levels were reduced (P＜0.05) in A carriers compared to CC genotype,however,there were no significant differences between genotypes CA and AA (P=0.226).These findings suggest that OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking C/A genetic polymorphisms involve the susceptibility to EV71 infection,and A allele might be a risk factor of the susceptibility to EV-71 infection.

Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on trigeminal neuralgia induced by chronic constriction injury of infraorbital nerve in rats / 生理学报

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a kind of recurrent transient and severe pain that is limited to the trigeminal nerve in one or more branches. The clinical incidence of TN is high, which seriously affects the quality of life of the patients and is difficult to cure. The present study investigated the effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on TN induced by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (ION-CCI) in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: sham, sham treated with TMP (Sham+TMP), TN model (TN), and TN treated with TMP (TN+TMP). The rat TN model was established by ION-CCI and TMP (50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 2 weeks after operation. The mechanical response threshold was tested by the electronic von Frey filaments. The expression of CGRP in the trigeminal ganglia (TGs) of rats on the operative side was detected by RT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. In 15 days after operation, TN group showed a robust decrease in mechanical response threshold as compared with sham group. From day 9 to day 15 after operation, TMP treatment significantly suppressed the TN-induced mechanical hyperalgesia (P < 0.05). On day 15 after operation, RT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis showed an obvious increase in expression level of CGRP in TGs of TN group compared with sham group, which was downregulated by TMP treatment (P < 0.05). These results suggested that TMP might have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of TN through regulating CGRP expression in the TGs.

Hookworm Infection Caused Acute Intestinal Bleeding Diagnosed by Capsule: A Case Report and Literature Review

Hookworm infections are rare causes of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. We report a middle aged man with primary nephrotic syndrome and pulmonary embolism. During the treatment with steroids and anticoagulants, the patient presented acute massive hemorrhage of the gastrointestinal tract. The results of gastroscopy showed red worms in the duodenum. Colonoscopy and CT angiogram of abdomen were unremarkable. Capsule endoscopy revealed fresh blood and multiple hookworms in the jejunum and ileum. Hookworms caused the acute intestinal bleeding. The patient responded well to albendazole. Hematochezia was markedly ameliorated after eliminating the parasites. Hence, hookworm infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Capsule endoscopy may offer a better means of diagnosis for intestinal hookworm infections.

Establishment of near-infrared on-line monitoring model and determination of endpoint in frying process of Hordei Fructus Germinatus / 中国中药杂志

Hordei Fructus Germinatus has been always used by "stir-frying" as a traditional medicine and the endpoint judgment of "fragrant" and "yellow" has been the focus and difficulty in frying process research. In this study, a quantitative calibration model between index components and NIRS was established in order to rapidly detect the contents of reducing sugar, total amino acids, total flavonoids, A420 and moisture; besides, an endpoint judgment method of frying process was put forward based on the "component change rate". Near-infrared spectra of samples with different frying time were collected, and a quantitative analysis model based on near-infrared spectroscopy was established to optimize the parameters such as spectral pretreatment and modeling band. HCA and PLS-DA were used to study the relationship between component and "stir-frying", and the endpoint of frying process was determined. The established calibration model had a good performance that the correlation coefficients between the predicted results and the actual measured values were both more than 0.9, with predicted relative deviations less than 10%. Hordei Fructus Germinatus with different frying time was divided into 4 categories by HCA analysis. PLS-DA analysis showed that total reducing sugar had a significant contribution to distinguishing the Hordei Fructus Germinatus of different frying time. When the change rate of total reducing sugar was 80%, it could judge that the endpoint of frying had been obtained. Results showed that NIRS could not only quickly and accurately determine the contents of reducing sugar, total amino acid, total flavonoid, A420 and moisture in Hordei Fructus Germinatus samples of different frying time, but also judge the endpoint of frying in the process. This study provided a new method for the evaluation and endpoint judgment of "stir-frying" process in research of traditional Chinese medicine.