ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP or hnRNP A18) is a multifunctional stress-responsive protein. Our previous study demonstrated that cold stress increased CIRP expression and migrated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in airway epithelial cells. However, the mechanism through which CIRP migrates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm upon cold stress remains unknown. METHODS: The expression of CIRP in the bronchial epithelium was examined using immunofluorescence, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blotting. The expression of inflammatory factors interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by ELISA and RT-PCR. Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) receptor function was characterized by Ca2+ imaging. RESULTS: Cold stress upregulated the expression of CIRP, inflammatory factors and promoted the translocation of CIRP from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. Cold stress activated the TRPM8/(Ca2+)/PKCα/glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (GSK3ß) signaling cascade, and that inhibition of this signaling pathway attenuated the migration of CIRP from the nucleus to cytoplasm but did not decrease its overexpression induced by cold stress. Knocked down CIRP expression or blocked CIRP migration between the nucleus and cytoplasm significantly decreased inflammatory factor expression. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that cold stress leads to the migration of CIRP from the nucleus to the cytoplasm with alteration of expression, which are involved in the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) induced by cold air, through TRPM8/Ca2+/PKCα/GSK3ß signaling cascade.
ABSTRACT
The nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles (N-CNPs) has a high potential of increasing nitrogen efficiency in farmland. However, little has been known about the effects of N-CNPs on soil microbial communities. In this study, paddy rhizosphere samples were collected from soils being treated with different nitrogen-doped amount of carbon nanoparticles (low, 1.2%, N-CNPs1; medium, 6.7%, N-CNPs2; high, 9.3%, N-CNPs3) for three years. We analyzed the bacterial community structure and diversity using the high-throughput sequencing. PICRUSt gene prediction analysis was used to determine soil community composition and metabolic function. Our results showed that treatment with N-CNPs changed the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities. Soil bacterial community diversity in adding medium amount of nitrogen-doped nanoparticles group (N-CNPs2) was the highest among all the treatments. Crenarchaeota, Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes were the most dominant groups in the soil microbial community. The relative abundances of Crenarchaeota, Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia increased, whereas Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi and Nitrospirae decreased with adding N-CNPs. Results of PICRUSt analysis revealed a wide genetic diversity of organisms involved in adding N-CNPs, such as amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism and environmental information processes. Heat map analysis of KEGG demonstrated that adding medium amount of nitrogen-doped nanoparticles (N-CNPs2) group increased the relative abundance of bacterial community associated with soil carbon and nitrogen metabolism.
Subject(s)
Nanoparticles , Rhizosphere , Carbon , Nitrogen/analysis , Soil , Soil MicrobiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the fracture conditions of earthquake casualties, summarize the therapeutic experiences and explore the frontier treatment model. METHODS: The clinical data of spot treatment of fracture patients in Wenchun earthquake were collected and analyzed to observe the therapeutic effects of operative patients and to verify the rationality of the cooperated remedy model of unified military and civilian hospitals. RESULTS: Among 236 fracture patients admitted in hospital, there were patients with extremities fractures in 81.3%, multiple fractures in 11.4% and open fractures in 10.6%. In all 55 patients underwent surgical treatment,the functional improvement rate was 65.5% and no infection or amputation happened. Supported by psychological aids, all patients were coordinated with treatment and the short-term outcome was parallel with that of ordinary fracture cases. CONCLUSION: The general conditions of patients should be paid more attention to during the treatment procedure of fractures because of the great quantity of casualties and severe traumatic conditions in Wenchun earthquake. The cooperated remedy model of unified military and civilian hospitals should be regarded as a new sanitation service practice with certain advantages. Psychological aids can provide strong support for the patients' postoperative rehabilitation.
