Metabolic regularity of bioactive compounds in Bufei Jianpi granule in rats using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis technology.

Bufei Jianpi granule (BJG) is clinically effective for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). At present, there is no report regarding the drug metabolism of BJG in vivo. This work developed an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method with high accuracy and sensitivity to determine drug metabolism of this compound in vivo. After continuous administration of BJG, the concentrations of 10 components in rat plasma, namely betaine, peimine, peiminine, astragaloside A, sinensetin, nobiletin, naringin, calycosin, formononetin, and magnolol, were determined at different time points. Meanwhile, the pharmacokinetic parameters and metabolic rules of these 10 components were evaluated: Cmax , 8.624-574.645 ng/mL; Tmax , 0.250-8.667 h; AUC0-t , 17.640-8947.393 ng h/mL; T1/2 , 3.405-66.014 h; mean residence time (MRT), 6.893-11.223 h. All these components possessed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other biological activities to varying degrees, contributing to improving lung function, mitigating pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis, and preventing and treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Exploring the pharmacokinetic parameters and the laws of chemical components in BJG forms the scientific basis for applying the compound clinically and identifying quality markers for the control of the compound.

Efficacy and potential mechanisms of Chinese herbal compounds in coronavirus disease 2019: advances of laboratory and clinical studies.

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still spread and has made a severe public health threat around the world. To improve disease progression, emerging Chinese herbal compounds were used in clinical practice and some agents have proven beneficial in treating COVID-19. Here, the relevant literature from basic researches to clinical application were identified and comprehensively assessed. A variety of Chinese herbal compounds have been reported to be effective in improving symptoms and outcomes in patients with COVID-19, particularly together with routine treatment strategy. The pharmacological activities were mainly attributed to the relief of clinical symptoms, inhibition of cytokine storm, and improvement of organ function. Besides, the development of novel antiviral drugs from medicinal herbs were further discussed. The updated laboratory and clinical studies provided the evidence of Chinese herbal compounds such as Lianhua Qingwen prescription, Shufeng Jiedu prescription, and Qingfei Paidu Tang for the relief of COVID-19. However, both of the randomized controlled trials and real world researches need to be done for supporting the evidence including the efficacy and safety in fighting COVID-19.

Single-ion anisotropy effects on the critical behaviors of quantum entanglement and correlation in the spin-1 Heisenberg chain.

Quantum entanglement and correlations in the spin-1 Heisenberg chain with single-ion anisotropy are investigated using the quantum renormalization group method. Negativity and quantum discord (QD) are calculated with various anisotropy parameters △ and single-ion anisotropy parametersD. We focus on the relations between two abovementioned physical quantities and on transitions between the Néel, Haldane, and large-Dphases. It is found that both negativity and QD exhibit step-like patterns in different phases as the size of the system increases. Interestingly, the single-ion anisotropy parameterD, which can be modulated using nuclear electric resonance (2020Nature579205), plays an important role in tuning the quantum phase transition (QPT) of the system. Both the first partial derivative of the negativity and QD with respect toDor △ exhibit nonanalytic behavior at the phase transition points, which corresponds directly to the divergence of the correlation length. The quantum correlation critical exponents derived from negativity and QD are equal, and are the reciprocal of the correlation length exponent at each critical point. This work extends the application of quantum entanglement and correlations as tools for depicting QPTs in spin-1 systems.

Determination of carbohydrate chains in two kinds of microvascular endothelial cells by lectin cytochemistry / 解剖学报

Objective To determine the expression pattern of carbohydrate chains in two kinds of microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs). Methods Rat jejunal mucosal MVECs were thawed, and lung tissues were removed from specific pathogen free piglet of 3 days old to isolate and culture porcine pulmonary MVECs by collagerase digestion and differential attachment. By lectin cytochemistry, staining of 8 lectins including concanavalin A (Con A), phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E), ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA-I), lycopersicon esculentum lectin (LEL), sambucus nigra lectin (SNA), ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) was detected in rat jejunal mucosal and porcine pulmonary MVECs. Results In rat jejunal mucosal MVECs, strong positve staining was present for Con A, WGA and LEL, medium one for PHA-E N SNA and RCA-I, weak one for DBA, and negative staining for UEA-I. In porcine pulmonary MVECs, strong positive staining was present for Con A and PHA-E, medium one in RCA-I, weak one for LEL and SNA, and negative staining for UEA-I, WGA and DBA. Conclusion The carbohydrate patterns in two kinds of MVECs display significant heterogeneity. Both rat jejunal mucosal and porcine pulmonary MVECs express mannose, galactose, 1, 3-N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid at different levels. N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine are detected in the former but not in the latter, and fucose do not in both MVECs.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation relieves pain and improves cortical excitability after stroke / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of repeatedly applying transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating post-stroke pain (CPSP).Methods Forty stroke survivors experiencing CPSP were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,each of 20.All of the patients received conventional rehabilitation.In the treatment group,20 patients received 10 Hz rTMS at 80％ of their resting motor threshold applied over the primary motor cortex on their affected side,while those in the control group received sham stimulation.Both groups were treated once a day,6 times a week for 4 weeks.Before and after the treatment,both groups were assessed using a pain score self-assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS).Their resting motor thresholds (RMTs),cortical silent periods (CSPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were also recorded.Results After the intervention,the average VAS score,RMT,CSP and M EP latency of the treatment group were (3.1±1.2),(51.3±4.8)％,(188.9± 63.0) ms and (27.9±5.7)ms,all significantly better than those before the intervention [(5.1± 1.3),(60.1±5.9)％,(239.7±43.5) ms and (35.5±4.4)ms] (P＜0.05).They were also significantly better than those of the control group after the intervention [(4.7±1.0),(57.6±5.1)％,(241.7±33.9)ms and (31.7±5.2)ms] (P＜0.05).Conclusion Transcranial magnetic stimulation can relieve post-stroke pain.The mechanisms might be related to positive changes in cortical excitability in the affected hemisphere.

Exactly solvable antiferromagnetic Blume-Capel model on a sawtooth chain.

The geometrically frustrated spin-1 Blume-Capel model on an infinite sawtooth chain is exactly solved by the transfer matrix method. The magnetization, ground-state phase diagram, magnetocaloric properties, and specific heat of the system are investigated. The results indicate that: (i) Magnetization plateaus appear at zero temperature. Their number depends on the sign of the crystal field D. For D≥0 there are two magnetization plateaus; however, for D<0 five plateaus exist. At a finite temperature, thermal excitation will destroy these plateaus completely. (ii) Phase transition between any two long-range-ordered ground states, whose spin configurations are given in phase diagram, is the first-order one. The macroscopic degeneracy of the ground states described by the entropy only exists at phase coexistence points. (iii) As temperature approaches zero, magnetocaloric properties and entropy change sharply near phase coexistence points. (iv) The crossovers of the specific heat from a single-peak structure to double-peak ones can signal the phase coexistence points in ground-state phase diagram.

The effect of low intensity laser irradiation on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukin-1β in scalded dermal tissues / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To study the effect of low intensity laser irradiation on wound healing and the expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin beta-1 (IL-1β) in wounded tissue.Methods Steam was used to scald 60 BALB/c mice.They were then randomly divided into a laser group and a control group with 30 in each group.The wounds in the laser group were irradiated with a low-intensity He-Ne laser,while the control group was given the same treatment except that the instrument was turned off.The wound healing rate was calculated,and the full wound thickness was measured and a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of TGF-β1 and IL-1β right after the scalding and 1,3,7 and 14 days later.Results Seven and 14 days later,the wound healing rates in the laser group were (51.48 ± 5.89) ％ and (73.96 ± 7.25) ％,respectively.Compared with the control group at the same time points,the difference was statistically significant.In the laser group the expression of TGF-β1 had increased significantly at days 1 and 3,then increased to a maximum at day 7.It was significantly greater than in the control group at all three of those time points.At day 14 the expression of TGF-β1 in the laser group was significantly lower than in the control group.The expression of IL-1 β in the laser group had decreased significantly at days 1 and 3,and gradually reduced to a minimum at day 7.It was significantly lower than in the control group at all three of those time points.Conclusion Low intensity He-Ne laser irradiation can accelerate wound healing after scalding,at least in mice.Its effect may be related to its regulation of the expression of IL-1 β and TGF-β1.

Neuroprotective effect of allicin against traumatic brain injury via Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway-mediated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities.

Allicin, one of the main biologically active compounds derived from garlic, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in in vitro and in vivo studies. Here, we sought to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of allicin against traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. We found that allicin treatment (10 and 50mg/kg, not 1mg/kg) significantly reduced brain edema and motor functional deficits, as well as apoptotic neuronal cell death in injured cortex. These protective effects could be observed even if the administration was delayed to 4h after injury. Moreover, allicin treatment decreased the expression levels of MDA and protein carbonyl, preserved the endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities, and suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines. The results of Western blot analysis showed that allicin increased the phosphorylation of Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Blocking Akt/eNOS pathway activation by specific inhibitor LY294002 (10µL, 10mmol/L) or L-NIO (0.5mg/kg) partly reversed the protective effects of allicin and its anti-inflammatory activities. The allicin induced anti-oxidative activity was partly prevented by LY294002, but not L-NIO. In summary, our data strongly suggested that allicin treatment at an appropriate dose can exert protective effect against TBI through Akt/eNOS pathway-mediated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities.

The effects of reciprocal inhibition on motor function and brain functional network connectivity of stroke patients / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of reciprocal inhibition on motor function connectivity in the brains of stroke patients.Methods Thirty patients with stroke were randomly divided into a treatment group (n =15) and a control group (n =15).The control group underwent normal limb positioning,medium frequency electrotherapy,circulated compression of the limbs,etc.The treatment group received conventional rehabilitation treatment plus reciprocal inhibition treatment for 30 min daily,6 times a week for 4 weeks.All of the patients were assessed before and after treatment using the Canadian neurological scale (CNS),the Frenchay activities index (FAI),the motricity index (MI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging of the motor cortex in a resting state (rs-fMRI).Results In both groups the average CNS,FAI and MI scores improved significantly.Compared with the control group,the changes in FAI and MI scores in the treatment group improved significantly more.The coefficient of functional connectivity of the bilateral motor cortex decreased significantly after treatment in both groups.In the treatment group the motor cortex functional connectivity correlated significantly with the improvements in MI scores.Conclusions Reciprocal inhibition can accelerate the improvement of extremity motor function and ability in the activities of daily living significantly after stroke.It reduces functional connectivity in the bilateral motor cortex in ways significantly correlated with improvements in motor function.

Anatomic investigation of the pedicle fat grafts with the third lumbar segmental artery and its application in reoperation for lumbar disc herniation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the blood supply of the pedicle fat grafts with the third lumbar segmental artery and its clinical effects on reoperation for lumbar disc herniation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve sides of 6 adult cadaver examples were contributed to investigate the courser of lumbar segmental vessels and the distribution of hypodermic capillary net of the dorsal branch of the third lumbar segmental artery. From January 2000 to January 2007,49 patients needed reoperation to treat lumbar disc herniation,including 26 males and 23 females with an average age of 55.6 years (ranged from 39 to 70 years). Duration between two operations ranged from 8 months to 15 years with an average of 6.9 years. Reoperative reasons included recurrent lumbar disc protrusion(30 cases)postoperative epidural scar formation (17 cases), postoperative epidural cyst formation (2 cases). Of them,9 patients underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion at the second operation. The pedicle fat grafts with the third lumbar segmental artery were covered on the sites of the laminectomy in these patients. After negative pressure drainage tube were pulled out, 2 ml Chitsan were injected to the sites of the laminectomy and around epidural nerve root through epidural catheter. VAS score and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to assess clinical outcomes before and after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The courser of third lumbar segmental vessels were invariant at the lateral face of the lumbar vertebral body. The dorsal branch of the third lumbar segmental artery penetrated thoracolumbar fascia and formed rich hypodermic capillary net in the region. All patients were followed up from 5 to 8 years with an average of 5.6 years. VAS score of low back pain and leg pain decreased respectively from preoperative 7.6 +/- 1.2, 8.9 +/- 0.9 to 3.6 +/- 0.5, 3.0 +/- 0.4 at final follow-up (P < 0.01); and ODI score decreased from preoperative 44.1 +/- 6.2 to 13.9 +/- 3.6 at final follow-up (P < 0.01). According to ODI score to evaluate the clinical outcomes, 29 cases got excellent results, 11 good, 7 fair, 2 poor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pedicle fat grafts with the third lumbar segmental artery and Chitsan can reduce epidural scar formation and prevent peridural fibrosis and adhesion and improve clinical effects of reoperation for lumbar disc herniation.</p>

Logistic regression analysis of damp-heat and cold-damp impeding syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis: a perspective in Chinese medicine / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate a method for quantitative differential diagnosis of damp-heat and cold-damp impeding syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Chinese medicine (CM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Laboratory parameters were collected from 306 patients with RA. The clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters were compared between patients with these two syndromes (158 with RA of damp-heat impeding syndrome, and 148 with RA of cold-damp impeding syndrome), and a regression equation was established to facilitate discrimination of the two RA syndromes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were significant differences in disease activity score in 28 joints [DAS28 (4)], erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), platelet count (PLT), albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLB) between the two syndrome of RA (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the parameters ESR, WBC, CRP, joint pyrexia, joint cold, thirst, sweating, aversion to wind and cold, and cold extremities were statistically useful to discriminate damp-heat from cold-damp impeding syndrome. The regression equation was as follows: P=1/{1+exp[-(3.0-0.021X (1)-0.196X (2)-0.163X (3)-1.559X (4)+1.504X (5)-0.927X (6)-1.039X (7)+1.070X (8)+1.330X (9))]}. The independent variables X (1)-X (9) were ESR, WBC, CRP, hot joint, cold joint, thirst, sweating, aversion to wind and cold, and cold limbs. A P value > 0.5 signified cold-damp impeding syndrome, and a P value < 0.5 signified damp-heat impeding syndrome. The accuracy was 90.2%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The regression equation may be useful for discriminating damp-heat from cold-damp impeding syndrome of RA.</p>

The effect of exposure to low intensity infrasound on the expression of PSA-NCAM in the rat hippocampus / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe the expression of the polysialic acid neural cell adhesion molecule ( PSA-NCAM) in the hippocampus of rats after exposure to low intensity ( 16 Hz,90 dB) infrasound for different periods.Methods One hundred and twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into infrasound exposure and normal groups.The exposure group was tjem further divided into 1 day,7 days,14 days and 21 days exposure groups.After exposure,the rats' brains were removed and an immunohistochemical technique was used to observe the expression of PSA-NCAM in the hippocampus after 1,7,14 or 21 days of exposure. Methods The expression of PSA-NCAM had increased significantly after exposure for 7 days. It peaked at 14 days,then had decreased by 21 days,but always remaining higher than in the normal group.After the infrasound exposure had ended,the expression of PSA-NCAM demonstrated a tendency of decrease over time,and the least was on the 21st day.The largest decrease was observed in the 14 days exposure groups. Conclusion 16 Hz,90 dB infrasound can increase the expression of PSA-NCAM in the hippocampus,at least in rats.This suggests that low intensity infrasound might initiate recovery of an injured central nervous system.Migration of neural stem cells may aid in the repair of neural injuries resulted from infrasound exposure.

Case-control study on clavicular hook plate combined with acromiocoracoid ligament transfer in the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation of type Tossy III in young patients / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical effects of acromiocoracoid ligament transfer to repair coracoclavicular ligament and acromioclavicular ligament in the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation of type Tossy III in young patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2005 to January 2007, 52 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation of type Tossy III were divided into therapeutic group I (32 cases) and therapeutic group II (22 cases). There were 17 males and 13 females with an average age of 31.0 years (ranged, 19 to 40 years) in group I; as well as 12 males and 10 females with an average age of 33.6 years (ranged, 20 to 42 years) in group II. All the patients were fresh injury and the acromioclavicular joint dislocations were type Tossy III according to X-ray findings. The duration from damage to the operation time ranged from 2 to 17 days (averaged, 7.6 days). All the patients had normal shoulder function before injury and were treated with clavicular hook plate implantation. The patients in group II were treated with normal desmorrhaphy method, and the patients in group I were treated with acromiocoracoid ligament transfer to repair coracoclavicular ligament and acromioclavicular ligament. Steel plate was taken out at about 4 to 6 months after clavicular hook plate implantation. The results were evaluated according to Karlsson's standards.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the incisions healed without infection. The therapeutic effects of 52 patients were evaluated at the 6th month after internal fixation was taken out. Twenty-four patients in group I got an excellent results and 6 good; 17 patients in group II got an excellent results and 5 good. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Twenty-six patients in group I and 19 patients in group II had long-term follow-up, and the duration ranged from 3 to 5 years (averaged, 4.5 years ). Twenty patients in group I got an excellent results and 6 good; 9 patients in group II got an excellent results, 7 good and 3 bad. Three patients in group II had recurrence of acromioclavicular joint dislocation. The long-term therapeutic effects of group I was better than that of group II.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>After clavicular hook plate implantation in treating type Tossy III dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint in young patients, it was necessary to use acromiocoracoid ligament transfer to repair coracoclavicular ligament and acromioclavicular ligament, which can improve the stability of acromioclavicular joint to prevent dislocation recurrence.</p>

Experimental study of prevention effect of andrographolide against radiation exposure in rats / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To explore the effects of andrographolide(AP),extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Andrographlis paniculata(AP),on injury induced by radiation exposure.Methods Sixty male rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups and irradiated with 60Co γ-rays at the doses of 1,2,and 4 Gy,respectively:low dose AP group(intragnstrically administered with AP at the dose of 100 ms/kg daily for 10 d before irradiation),and high dose AP group(intragastrically administered with AP at the dose of 200 ms/kg daily for 10 d before irradiation),model group(administered with the same volume of normal saline instead of AP for 10 d before irradiation),and control group(irradiated only at 3 different doses).One day after irradiation all rats were killed with their livers being fixed to make paraffin section.The morphological feature was observed under light microscope after HE staining,and the cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL technology.Results Compared to the control and model groups,the pathological changes of liver were significantly gentler in the AP treatment groups.The apoptosis rates of the liver cells of all the AP sub-groups were significantly lower than those of the control and model subgroup(t=2.19-4.80.P<0.05).Conclusions AP might have prevention effect against radiation exposure.

The effect of behavioral training on neural stem cell differentiation in the dentate gyrus of rats with hippocampal infarction / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To explore the effect of behavioral training on the differentiation of neural stem cells in the dental gyrus (DG) in rats with hippocampus infarction. Methods Seventy-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into infarction plus behavior training group, infarction group and control group. Photochemistry method was used to induce hippocampal infarction in rats of the infarction plus behavioral training group and infarc-tion group. At 1 day after surgery, Morris water maze training was used for infarction plus behavioral training group, free-movement without training was performed for infarction group. Double staining immunofluorescence was used to detect the co-expression of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) with neuronal nuclei ( NeuN ) or glia fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the DG at different time points. Results Few BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/GFAP double staining cells were observed in the DG of control rats. In the infarction group and infarction plus behavioral training group the number of BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/GFAP double-stained cells increased in the DG on the opposite side compared with the control group on 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th days after surgery (P < 0.05 ). There observed significantly more BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/GFAP double-stained cells in the infarction plus behavioral training group than that in the infarction group on the 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th days after surgery ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Behavioral training can accelerate the differentiation of neural stem cells to neuron and astrocyte, by which to promote the re-covery of neural functions.

Detection on mRNA exepression and activity of phosphodiesterase in rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells / 解剖学报

Objective To study the main subtypes messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA) and the basal enzyme activity of phosphodiesterase (PDE) in rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) through the examination mRNA expression and activity of PDE in vitro. The data were offered to reveal the relationship between PDE distributions, activity change and to accumulate data for the possibility of drug regulation of its functional alteration. Methods The cells were cultured with tissue-sticking method;the gene expression of PDEs was detected by reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the activity of PDEs was calculated by cyclic nucleotides content change examined with high performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC) before and after the PDE reaction( n ＝3). Results The PMVECs identified by cell immunofluorescence with polyclonal antibody of CD31 were dissociated and cultured, mRNAs of PDE1A, 1C, 2A,3A, 3B, 4A, 4D, 5A, 7A, 7B, 8A, 8B, 9A, 10A,11A were expressed in PMVECs, but there was no mRNA of PDE1B expressed in PMVECs. cAMP/cGMP-PDE in the extent of 5-20μl had a good linear correlation with its activity. Conclusion There are 17 kinds of PDE gene expression existing in PMVECs which contain of the basic enzyme with a higher activity.

The effect of 8 Hz infrasound on the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor in the rat hippocampus / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of 8 Hz infrasound on the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in the rat hippocampus.Methods Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into groups to be exposed to 90,100 and 130 dB infrasound,and a control group(n=12).All the animals in the infrasound exposure groups were exposed to 8 Hz infrasound at the planned intensity for 2 hours daily for 4 weeks.The rats of the control group were treated identically except that the infrasound amplitude was 0 dB.The animals were sacrificed and their brains were examined at the end of the 4-week infrasound exposure.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of BDNF protein,and in situ hybridization(ISH)was used to observe the distribution of BDNF mBNA in the hippocampus.Results Eight Hz infrasound induced down-regulation of BDNF protein in the hippocampus,with volume-dependent characteristics.ISH showed that BDNF mRNA was distributed widely in the hippocampus.After exposed to infrasound,BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus decreased,especially in the dental gyrus.Conclusion Eight Hz infrasound can down-regulate the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus,especially in the dental gyrus.

Effect of electroacupuncture on expression of IFN-gamma-like immunoreactive substance in spinal cord of the rat / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe effect of electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) on expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-like immunoreactive substance in spinal cord of the rat and to probe the mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The IFN-gamma-like immunoreactive positive cell number in spinal cord of the rat was investigated with immunohistochemical SP method and microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36), IFN-gamma-like immunoreactive positive cell number in the spinal cord of the rat with electroacupuncture plus immunosuppression did not significantly change (P > 0.05). The number of positive cells in the dorsal horn in the rats with immunosuppression was significantly less than that in the normal control group (P < 0.05) with no significant change in other parts and with no significant difference between the electroacupuncture group and the control group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) can increase expression of IFN-gamma-like immunoreactive substance in spinal cord of the rat, and acupuncture activates the nerve-immunoregulative network possibly by IFN-gamma as medium.</p>

Critical dynamics of the kinetic Glauber-Ising model on hierarchical lattices.

The critical dynamics of the kinetic Glauber-Ising model is studied on a family of the diamond-type hierarchical lattices with various branches. By carrying out the time-dependent real-space renormalization-group transformation to the master equation of the systems considered, the dynamic exponent is calculated. We find that the dynamic exponent depends on fractal dimension d(f) or the branch number m in a generator, and that it increases with the increase of d(f) or m. We notice that for the case of m=1 (one-dimensional spin chain, d(f)=1) our result z=2 is the same as the exact result obtained by Glauber, and for the case of m=2 (the simplest one in the diamond-type hierarchical lattices, d(f)=2) the exponent z=2.626 is higher than those of the two-dimensional regular lattice and the triangular lattice.

Critical dynamics of the Gaussian model with multispin transitions.

In this paper, we present a multispin transition mechanism, which is an extension of the Glauber one, to investigate critical dynamics. By exactly solving the master equation, the influence of the multispin transition mechanism on the dynamic critical behavior is studied for the Gaussian model with nearest-neighbor interactions on d-dimensional lattices (d=1, 2, and 3). The time evolution of magnetization is exactly calculated, and the exact results of relaxation time and dynamic critical exponent are obtained. Our models are divided into two kinds: one is the spin-cluster transition and the other is the arbitrary multispin transition. It is found that there are different relaxation times, but the same dynamical critical exponent for different kinds of multispin transitions. The results show that the dynamical critical exponents are independent of spatial dimensions and configurations of transitional spins, and that the dynamical critical exponent is the same as that of the Glauber dynamics, and thus give a strong support to the simple single-spin-transition dynamics. Finally, we give a brief discussion on the results.