ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The morbidity of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has significantly increased in Western countries. We aimed to identify trends in incidence and survival in patients with EAC in the recent 30 years and then analyzed potential risk factors, including race, sex, age, and socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS: All data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results or SEER database. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model were conducted to compare the differences in survival between variables, including sex, race, age, and SES, as well as to evaluate the association of these factors with prognosis. RESULTS: A total of 16,474 patients with EAC were identified from 1984 to 2013 in the United States. Overall incidence increased every 10 years from 1.8 to 3.1 to 3.9 per 100. Overall survival gradually improved (p < 0.0001), which was evident in male patients ((hazard ratio (HR) = 1.111; 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.07, 1.15)); however, the 5-year survival rate remained low (20.1%). The Cox proportional hazards model identified old age, black ethnicity, and medium/high poverty as risk factors for EAC (HR = 1.018; 95% CI (1.017, 1.019; HR = 1.240, 95% CI (1.151,1.336), HR = 1.000, 95% CI (1.000, 1.000); respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of EAC in the United States increased over time. Survival advantage was observed in white patients and patients in the low-poverty group. Sex was an independent prognostic factor for EAC, but this finding has to be confirmed by further research.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology , Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adult , Aged , Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Risk Factors , Survival Rate , United States/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of PPH and vaginal repair to strengthen recto-cele in the treatment of ODS patients. Methods 87 patients with rectocele were divided into and groups A and B according to the principle of randomization. They were treated by vaginal repair and PPH repair respectively. The two groups were compared in term of curative effect and Longo′s ODS score,operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative pain score,the number of analgesics needed,hospitalization time and hospitalization expenses. Results The heal rates together with marked efficacy rate at months 1 and 3 in group B were significantly higher than those of group A(87.5%,90% vs.77.5%,80%,P<0.05).There were no differences in hospital stay and in-traoperative blood loss.Group B was significantly superior to group A in postoperative pain score,number of analge-sics needed and hospitalization expenses.Conclusion PPH is more complete and more effective in treating consti-pation caused by RC.
