ABSTRACT
The insidious onset of cholangiocarcinoma and the lack of early diagnosis markers have made most patients diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma in the advanced stage of the disease. At present, surgical treatment is the first choice for patients with cholangiocarcinoma, but surgery also faces problems such as high risks and many difficulties. Recent studies have found that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) have the functions of regulating the cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and drug resistance of cholangiocarcinoma. This article aims to review the potential regulatory role of lncRNA and circRNA in the occurrence and development of cholangiocarcinoma, in order to provide clinical references for the early diagnosis, targeted therapy and patient's prognosis evaluation of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Objective To explore the expression of frizzled-7 and β-catenin proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),and determine their relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis.Methods Expression levels of frizzled-7 and β-catenin proteins were detected by the SP immunohistochemical technique in 64 cases of HCC and 15 normal liver tissues.Results Frizzled-7 and β-catenin proteins were found in 42 (65.6％) and 45 (70.3％) of tumor specimens respectively,which was significantly higher than that in normal liver tissues.The expression of frizzled-7 protein was significantly positively correlated with that of β-catenin (P ＜ 0.05) in HCC.The high expression of frizzled-7 was closely correlated to tumor size (P =0.014),histologic grade (P =0.020),portal vein tumor thrombus (P =0.034),tumor recurrence (2 years,P =0.030),TNM stage (P =0.022),and HBsAg (P =0.025),and negatively correlated with 5-year postoperative survival (47.6％ vs.13.2％).The expression of β-catenin protein was significantly associated with histologic grade (P =0.012),tumor recurrence (2 years,P =0.010),and TNM stage (P =0.026),and negatively correlated with 5-year postoperative survival (36.8％ vs.20.0％).Conclusions Frizzled-7 is overexpressed in HCC and associated with decreased postoperative survival.Moreover,frizzled-7 may up-regulate the expression of β-catenin and promote β-catenin-mediated tumor invasion and recurrence.
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Radical pancreaticoduodenectomy is the only effective method for the treatment of malignancies in the pancreatic head and the periampulary region.Early determination of the involvement of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA)is important for the selection of the surgical procedure and judgment of the prognosis.The operation should follow the principle of tumor-free and adequate resection range,safe resection margin and complete lymph node resection.For this purpose,we performed the radical pancreaticoduodenectomy via mesenteric approach.The SMA was dissected first,and then the tumor was en-bloc resected.From December 2011 to December 2012,24 patients with tumors in the pancreatic head or the periampullary region received radical pancreaticoduodenectomy via the mesenteric approach at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,and the short-term outcome was satisfactory.
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Objective To investigate the mechanism of interlekin-6 (IL-6) in wound healing of human biliary epithelial cells ( BECs ).Methods BECs were cultured in IL-6 at different concentrations:0 ng/L(0 ng/L group),10 ng/L (10 ng/L group),50 ng/L (50 ng/L group),100 ng/L (100 ng/L group),1000 ng/L ( 1000 ng/L group).The effects of IL-6 on the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3( STAT3 ) and the expression of trefoil family factors 3 (TFF3) were detected.BECs were divided into untreated group,STAT3-RNAi group (BECs transfected with STAT3 RNAi adenovirus) and Control-RNAi group (BECs transfected with vacant RNAi adenovirus).The effects of IL-6 on the expression of TFF3 were detected after RNAi of STAT3.In vitro wound models were constructed for the untreated group,STAT3-RNAi group and Control-RNAi group,and the effects of IL-6 and TFF3 on BECs of the 3 groups were detected.All data were analyzed by using the Student's t test,analysis of variance or Sidak test.Results The expressions of phosphorylated STAT3 in the 50 ng/L group,100 ng/L group and 1000 ng/L group were 0.240 ± 0.052,0.714 ± 0.124,0.327 ± 0.069,respectively,which were significantly higher than 0.033 ± 0.011 of the 0 ng/L group (q =5.246,17.260,7.451,P ＜ 0.05 ).The contents of mRNA and protein of TFF3 increased as the increase of IL-6 concentration (q =12.045,9.889,P ＜ 0.05).After RNAi of STAT3 of the BECs,the expression of TFF3 decreased when the concentration of IL-6 was 1000 ng/L.The expression of TFF3 of the STAT3-RNAi group was 0.037 ± 0.005,which was significantly lower than 0.267 ± 0.038 of the Control-RNAi group and 0.301 ± 0.042 in the untreated group ( q =12.135,13.929,P ＜ 0.05 ).In the in vitro wound model,the speed of BECs migration in the STAT3-RNAi group was (9.1 ± 1.5 ) μm/h,which was slower than (25.1 ± 3.8 ) μm/h of the Control-RNAi group after 12 hours of interference with IL-6 (q =7.737,P ＜ 0.05 ).The speed of BECs migration of STAT3-RNAi group was (39.2 ± 4.7) μm/h after adding 1 g/L of recombinant TFF,which was significantly faster than that of the Control-RNAi group (q =14.507,P ＜0.05).Conclusion IL-6 promotes cell migration and wound healing by activating STAT3 and up-regulating TFF3 expression.
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Objective To study vascular anatomy between the pancreatic head and duodenum,providing anatomy basis for performing surgery of pancreatic head,duodenum and distal common bile duct in surgical practice. Methods Anatomy study was performed in 30 formaldehyde fixed and 10 fresh bodies in reference to blood supply to duodenum,the distal common bile and Vater ampulla. Results The anterior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal arterial arcade gives off branches to descending and horizontal portion of the duodenum. The posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery goes to distal common bile duct. The papilla artery arising from the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery goes to Vater ampulla. Conclusions The pancreaticoduodenal anterior and posterior arterial arcades are main arteries that give off branches to the descending and horizontal portion of the duodenum,distal common bile duct and the Vater ampulla,hence should be carefully protected in duodenum-preserving resection of the pancreatic head.