Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection among 71,435 women in Jiangxi Province, China.

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as an etiological factor for cervical cancer. Data on the prevalence and subtype distribution of HPV infection in Jiangxi Province are incomplete. In this study, we investigated HPV subtype distribution and prevalence in Jiangxi Province between August 1, 2010, and December 31, 2015. A total of 71,435 individuals ranging in age from 16 to 77 years were recruited. Cervicovaginal swabs were collected from each participant, and HPV screening was performed. Our results showed that the HPV prevalence was 22.49% in Jiangxi Province. Overall, 14.99% of individuals were positive for a single HPV type, and 7.49% were positive for multiple types. The most frequently detected low-risk genotypes were HPV-6, and high-risk genotypes were HPV-16, -18, -33, -52, and -58. The prevalence and type distribution of HPV infection exhibits regional and age differences; Yingtan had the highest incidence for high-risk HPV infection (32.00%), and peaks in the frequencies of HPV infections were seen for patients under 20 and over 60 years of age. In conclusion, we present data showing that the HPV prevalence varies significantly with age and regions in Jiangxi Province. These results can serve as valuable reference to guide Jiangxi cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination programs.

Propofol induces rat embryonic neural stem cell apoptosis by activating both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.

Propofol has previously been shown to have detrimental effects on the developing brain. Neural stem cells, identified in the embryonic brain as well as in the adult brain, are multipotent, self-renewing cells, which are capable of differentiating into different phenotypes of the nervous system. The present study was designed to investigate propofol-induced rat embryonic neural stem cell apoptosis and its potential mechanisms. Rat embryonic neural stem cells were isolated, cultured and characterized. Treatment of these cultured stem cells with different doses of propofol was carried out and cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay and apoptosis by flow cytometric analysis. Cellular levels of active forms of caspase-3 and caspase-8, which regulate the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, and of caspase-9 and cytochrome C, which regulate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, were detected by western blotting. Over 95% of isolated rat embryonic neural stem cells expressed the Nestin protein, as detected by immunofluorescence staining. Using an in vitro cell culture system, we showed that propofol inhibited cell growth and induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed that propofol treatment significantly elevated levels of active forms of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and cytochrome C in the embryonic neural stem cells. Propofol induced rat embryonic neural stem cell apoptosis and activated caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and cytochrome C, suggesting that propofol-induced stem cell apoptosis may be regulated through both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways.

[Effect of propofol on proliferation and differentiation of rat embryonic neural stem cells in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of propofol on the proliferation and differentiation of rat embryonic neural stem cells in vitro. METHODS: Embryonic neural stem cells of fetal Wistar rats (gestational age of 14-16 days) in primary culture, after identification for nestin expression, were divided into control group, introlipid group, and propofol groups (treated with propofol at the doses of 5, 25, 50, and 100 µmol/L). The changes in the proliferation of the embryonic neural stem cells after the treatments were observed using Brdu incorporation assay. In the course of induced differentiation of the embryonic neural stem cells, 50 µmol/L propofol was added in the cells to assess its impact on the differentiation of the cells by immunohistochemical detection of NeuN and GFAP expressions. RESULTS: More than 95% of the embryonic neural stem cells in primary culture were Nestin-positive. The percentages of Brdu-positive cells showed no significant changes after treatment with different concentrations of propofol, whereas the addition of 50 µmol/L propofol resulted in a significant increase of NeuN-positive cell percentage to (23.1∓0.9)% as compared with that of (13.4∓0.8)% in the control group (P<0.05) without affecting the GFAP-positive cells. CONCLUSION: Clinically relevant doses of propofol have no obvious effect on the proliferation of rat neural stem cells cultured in vitro, but can induce their differentiation into neuron-like cells.

[Effects of hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxyethyl starch 40 injection in treatment of acute intracranial hypertension complicated by hemorrhagic shock in dogs].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxyethyl starch 40 injection (HSH) in treatment of acute intracranial hypertension complicated by hemorrhagic shock in dogs, and explore the mechanism of the effects of HSH. METHODS: Twenty dogs were randomized into 4 equal groups, namely the 7.5% NaCl (HS) group, Ringer-Lactates solution (RL) group, hydroxyethyl strarch (HES) group, and HSH group. Canine models of acute intracranial hypertension complicated by hemorrhagic shock were established by epidural balloon inflation with saline and rapid discharge of the arterial blood. One hour after the induced shock, the dogs were given HS (6 ml/kg), RL of 3-fold volume of blood loss, HES of equivalent volume of blood loss, and HSH 8 ml/kg in the 4 groups, respectively. During the shock and resuscitationperiod, the intracranial pressure (ICP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) of the dogs were monitored, and the serum sodium level and plasma osmolality were measured at 30 min, 1 h and 4 h after the resuscitation. RESULTS: All dogs had similar MAP, CPP, and ICP before resuscitation (P>0.05). After resuscitation, the MAP was significantly improved (P<0.01), but the dogs in HSH group exhibited the fastest response; with the exception of the dogs in HS group to have significantly decreased MAP 2 h after resuscitation (P<0.01), all the other dogs maintained the MAP for 4 h. The CPP was also significantly increased after resuscitation (P<0.01), and in HS group, CPP decreased significantly after 2 h (P<0.01), and HSH group maintained the high CPP after 4 h. The ICP was increased significantly in RL and HES groups after resuscitation (P<0.01), reaching the peak level at 1 and 3 h, respectively, but in HS and HSH groups, the ICP decreased significantly to the lowest level at 1 h (P<0.01) which was maintained for 4 h. After resuscitation, the plasma sodium and plasma osmolality were significantly increased in HSH and HS groups. CONCLUSION: In dogs with acute intracranial hypertension and hemorrhagic shock, HSH can effectively resuscitate hemorrhagic shock and decrease ICP, and the effect is longer-lasting than that of HS.