ABSTRACT
Referred somatic pain triggered by hyperalgesia is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It was reported that sprouting of sympathetic nerve fibers into the dorsal root ganglion (DGR) and neurogenic inflammation were related to neuropathic pain, the excitability of neurons, and afferents. The purpose of the study was to explore the potential and mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) for the intervention of colon inflammation and hyperalgesia. Sprague-Dawley (SD) was randomly divided into four groups, including control, model, EA, and sham-EA. Our results showed EA treatment significantly attenuated dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced colorectal lesions and inflammatory cytokine secretion, such as TNF-α, IL-1ß, PGE2, and IL-6. EA also inhibited mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivities of colitis rats. Importantly, EA effectively abrogated the promotion effect of DSS on ipsilateral lumbar 6 (L6) DRG sympathetic-sensory coupling, manifested as the sprouting of tyrosine hydroxylase- (TH-) positive sympathetic fibers into sensory neurons and colocalization of and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Furthermore, EA at Zusanli (ST36) activated neurogenic inflammation, characterized by decreased expression of substance P (SP), hyaluronic acid (HA), bradykinin (BK), and prostacyclin (PGI2) in colitis rat skin tissues corresponding to the L6 DRG. Mechanically, EA treatment reduced the activation of the TRPV1/CGRP, ERK, and TLR4 signaling pathways in L6 DRG of colitis rats. Taken together, we presumed that EA treatment improved colon inflammation and hyperalgesia, potentially by suppressing the sprouting of sympathetic nerve fibers into the L6 DGR and neurogenic inflammation via deactivating the TRPV1/CGRP, ERK, and TLR4 signaling pathways.
Subject(s)
Colitis , Electroacupuncture , Neuralgia , Nociceptive Pain , Rats , Animals , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Hyperalgesia/metabolism , Electroacupuncture/methods , Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism , Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/metabolism , Neurogenic Inflammation/metabolism , Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism , Neuralgia/metabolism , Nociceptive Pain/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is often secondary to poststroke, which is common in stroke patients, induced difficulty in rehabilitation and seriously affects their quality of life. Currently, effective treatments are still limited. Researches show that acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a good effect on PSCI. However, there is no consistent conclusion at present. Therefore, THE purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture combined with TCM in the treatment of PSCI. METHODS: We will search the following databases from inception to January, 2022: the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine, Wan Fang data, and the Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database. All randomized controlled trials eligible for acupuncture combined with TCM for PSCI will be included in this study. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment will be performed by 2 reviewers independently. Bias risk assessment and data synthesis will be performed using the Review Manager software (RevMan, version 5.3) and R (version 3.6.1) software. RESULTS: We will synthesize the current studies to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture combined with TCM in the treatment of PSCI. CONCLUSION: The systematic review will provide a new paradigm for acupuncture combined with TCM in the intervention of PSCI, and further provide scientific evidence for the efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with TCM in the treatment of PSCI. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202220062.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy/methods , Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Stroke/complications , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Humans , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Quality of Life , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Research Design , Stroke/psychology , Systematic Reviews as TopicABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In December 2019, the first case of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 viral infection was described in Wuhan. Similar to SARS in 2003, COVID-19 also had a lasting impact. Approximately 76% of patients discharged after hospitalization for COVID-19 had neurological manifestations which could persist for 6âmonths, and some long-term consequences such as the gradual loss of lung function due to pulmonary interstitial fibrosis could have comprehensive effects on daily quality of life for people who were initially believed to have recovered from COVID-19. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Our comprehensive search strategy developed in consultation with a research librarian. We will search these following electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, Embase, ProQuest, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WANFANG DATA, WHO covid-19 website, and Centers for Disease Control and the Prevention COVID-19 websites of the United States and China. The bias of publication will be confirmed via the P value of Egger test. The quality of studies will be evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: There are no ethical considerations associated with this study protocol for this systematic review which mainly focuses on the examination of secondary data. On completion of this analysis, we will prepare a manuscript for publication in a peer-reviewed medical journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021258711.
