Evaluation of Walking Comfort in Children's School Travel at Street Scale: A Case Study in Tianjin (China).

(1) Background: school travel is an important part of a child's daily activities. A comfortable walking environment can encourage children to walk to school. The existing methods of evaluating walking environments are not specific to children's walks to school. (2) Methods: this study proposes a method of evaluating walking comfort in children traveling to school at street scale. Related indexes were selected that reflect children's school travel behavior and their needs in street environments based on walking environment audit tools. Factor analysis was then used to calculate the relative weight of each index. (3) Results: the new evaluation method was tested in the neighborhoods around the First Central Primary School in Hedong District, Tianjin, China. The walking comfort for children's school travel was evaluated in eight indexes: effective street width; street flatness; street cleanliness; interface diversity; buffer; shade coverage; green looking ratio; and sound decibels. Different classes and types of streets were found to have various vulnerabilities. (4) Conclusions: this evaluation method can accurately locate the weak spots in streets to improve the local policymakers' perception of street environments, which can greatly facilitate the implementation of precise measures to promote children walking to school.

[Neurological Complications with Paraplegia as Main Manifestation after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cause, diagnosis and therapeutic method of the neurological complication with the main manifestation of paraplegia after the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS: The clinical features, the process of diagnosis and treatment and the prognosis follow-up of 9 cases, who received HSCT in our department during January 2014 and January 2017 and had the neurological complication with the main symptom of paraplegia after the transplantation, were summarized. RESULTS: The incidence rate of paraplegia was 2.96% (9/304). The median onset time was 245 days (50 days-772 days) after transplantation. The cause of paraplegia determined by examination was extramedullary recurrence of leukemia in 3 cases, cyclosporin neurotoxicity in 1 case, GBS in 1 case, CIDP in 2 cases and autoimmune myeleterosis in 2 cases. One patient abandoned the treatment. The rest 8 patients received empirical or targeted treatment. The median follow-up period was 11 months. There were 5 dead cases and 4 survival cases. CONCLUSION: Paraplegia is a serious post-HSCT complication. The cause of paraplegia should be determined as early as possible to perform targeted treatment. Empirical preemptive treatment should be given if necessary, so as to improve the survival rate and the quality of life of HSCT patients.