ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Patients with severe burns often develop acute lung injury (ALI), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) often complicates with ALI. Sivelestat sodium hydrate is an effective drug against ALI. However, the mechanisms of this beneficial effect are still poorly understood. In the current study, we evaluate the effects of sivelestat sodium hydrate on systemic and local inflammatory parameters (neutrophil elastase [NE], interleukin [IL]-8, matrix metalloproteinase [MMP] 2 and 9) in a rat model of severe burns and ALI. And to analyze the correlations between expression of NE and IL-8 and acute lung injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 48 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 3 groups: normal control group, severe burns injury group and severe burns treated with sivelestat sodium hydrate group (SSI). The lung water content and PaO2 were detected in each group. Pathological manifestations in each group were observed for pathology scoring in SD rats with acute lung injury. ELISA was used for detecting expression of NE and IL-8 in serum and BAL specimens of SD rats in each group. RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of NE and IL-8 in lung tissues of each group. Western blotting was used for detecting protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in lung tissues of each group. SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The PaO2 was significantly increased after sivelestat sodium hydrate intravenous injection. Pathological score and water content of lung tissue were significantly decreased in SSI group compared with severe burns injury group, slightly higher than that normal control group. NE and IL-8 levels significantly decreased in serum, BAL and lung tissue specimens after sivelestat sodium hydrate intravenous injection; Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly up-regulated in severe burns group and showed no significantly changed after sivelestat sodium hydrate intravenous injection. CONCLUSIONS: In a rat model of severe burns and ALI, administration of sivelestat sodium hydrate improved symptoms of ALI and significantly decreased inflammatory parameters NE and IL-8.
Subject(s)
Acute Lung Injury/prevention & control , Burns/drug therapy , Disease Models, Animal , Glycine/analogs & derivatives , Inflammation Mediators/antagonists & inhibitors , Sulfonamides/therapeutic use , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/drug therapy , Acute Lung Injury/metabolism , Acute Lung Injury/pathology , Animals , Blood Gas Analysis , Burns/metabolism , Burns/pathology , Glycine/pharmacology , Glycine/therapeutic use , Inflammation Mediators/metabolism , Interleukin-8/antagonists & inhibitors , Interleukin-8/metabolism , Leukocyte Elastase/antagonists & inhibitors , Leukocyte Elastase/metabolism , Lung/drug effects , Lung/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sulfonamides/pharmacology , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/metabolism , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/pathologyABSTRACT
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has become a serious health problem in many countries because of its poor outcome and worsening epidemic trend. Early identification of genetic risk factors and physiological indicators for stroke occurrence may help to reduce the incidence of stroke. Therefore, we conducted a case-control study including 50 AIS patients and 50 healthy individuals from a Chinese population to explore the association between AIS and patient complete blood profiles and the association between AIS and the genetic polymorphism K469E in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Compared to the control group, AIS patients showed a high percentage of mononuclear cells, low platelet count, low ratio of platelet to lymphocyte count, high frequency of the 469K allele, and low frequency of the 469E allele. White blood cell count, percentage of neutrophils, percentage of lymphatic cells, platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume, and platelet hematocrit levels showed no significant differences between the 2 groups and between different genotypes. Our results suggested an association of elevated levels of mononuclear cells and reduced platelet count with higher AIS risk. Our results also supported the hypothesis that the KK genotype at the K469E locus in ICAM-1 is a risk factor for AIS.
Subject(s)
Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics , Phenotype , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Stroke/etiology , Stroke/pathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alleles , Amino Acid Substitution , Case-Control Studies , Erythrocyte Indices , Female , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Hematologic Tests , Humans , Leukocyte Count , Male , Middle Aged , Platelet Count , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Stroke/blood , Young AdultABSTRACT
Microcallus (more than 60 cells) formation was obtained from leaf mesophyll protoplasts of 6 species and varieties in the genus Actinidia Lindl. (kiwifruit). The best results were achieved by using liquid over agarose culture for A. arguta var. arguta, liquid and agarose disc type culture for A. arguta var. purpurea, agarose disc type culture for A. arguta cv. Issaï and A. deliciosa and liquid agarose bead type- and disc type culture for A. kolomikta and A. polygama. Several factors influencing purification, browning, survival and sustained division of the protoplasts are briefly discussed.
ABSTRACT
A system for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of spinach from hypocotyl segments has been established. Callus was induced on solid media supplemented with 8.5-15.0 mg.l(-1) of indole-3-acetic acid and 3.46-34.64 mg.l(-1) gibberellic acid. Callus was then subcultured on different media (solid or liquid) with or without IAA, or continuously maintained on the initiating media. Somatic embryos were obtained in subcultures on IAA-containing media as well as in long-term cultures on initiating media. The best results were achieved in liquid subcultures. About 60% of plantlets survived after transplanting in pots.
