ABSTRACT
Effective coordination of multiteam systems (MTSs) can help enterprises respond quickly to complex and uncertain problems under disasters. However, it is unclear how MTS coordination patterns dynamically affect MTS performance in disasters. This study examined how MTSs responded to an emergency production incident at the Zhejiang Huisong Pharmaceutical Company in China during the COVID-19 pandemic through a qualitative and quantitative study. Based on social network theory, we found that a centralized coordination pattern impacts MTS performance by giving play to the leadership team's network centrality position advantage during the crisis outbreak period. In the post-crisis period, the decentralized coordination pattern impacts MTS performance by giving play to the advantages of horizontal coordination. Our results help managers to consider the dynamics of coordination patterns in crisis management in ways that assist them in adapting an effective coordination pattern to changing and uncertain operational conditions.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics , Yersinia enterocolitica/isolation & purification , Animals , Humans , Mice , Sensitivity and Specificity , Swine , Yersinia Infections/diagnosis , Yersinia Infections/microbiology , Yersinia Infections/veterinary , Yersinia enterocolitica/geneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Yersinia enterocolitica is an extracellular pathogen and its related antigens interact with the host immune system. We investigated the difference in immunological characteristics between a highly pathogenic and poorly pathogenic strain of Y. enterocolitica. METHODS: We used SDS-PAGE and western blotting to characterize lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Yersinia outer membrane proteins (Yops), membrane proteins, and whole-cell proteins from poorly pathogenic Y. enterocolitica bio-serotype 2/O:9, isolated from China, and highly pathogenic bio-serotype 1B/O:8, isolated from Japan. RESULTS: These two strains of Y. enterocolitica had different LPS immune response patterns. Comparison of their Yops also showed differences that could have accounted for their differences in pathogenicity. The membrane and whole-cell proteins of both strains were similar; immunoblottting showed that the 35 kD and perhaps the 10 kD proteins were immunogens in both strains. CONCLUSION: The major antigens of the two strains eliciting the host immune response were the LPS and membrane proteins, as shown by comparing protein samples with reference and purified preparations.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism , Yersinia enterocolitica/metabolism , Animals , Antigens, Bacterial/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Blotting, Western , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/physiology , Rabbits , Yersinia enterocolitica/classificationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological and molecular typing features of the pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated in China,using pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) and standardized PFGE method as well as typing database of Yersinia enterocolitica. METHODS: PFGE analysis was performed as Laboratory Directions for molecular subtyping of Salmonella by PFGE (PulseNet,USA) with some modifications and the results of PFGE were analyzed by BioNumerics soft (Version 4.0, Applied Maths BVBA, Belium). RESULTS: 114 O:3 Yersinia enterocolitica strains were typed by 25 patterns to have found that K6GN11C30012 (50 strains), K6GN11C30015(19 strains) and K6GN11C30016(10 strains) were the major patterns. K6GNllC30012 had 92.2% cluster similarity with K6GN11C30009-K6GN11C30023. This clone included 91.23% strains of 114 0:3 Yersinia enterocolitica strains. 51 0:9 Yersinia enterocolitica strains were typed by 14 patterns; K6GN11C90004 (22 strains) and K6GN11C90010 (13 strains)were the major patterns. K6GN11C90004 had 81.8% cluster similarity with K6GN11C90010 patterns. The major patterns of 0:3 and 0:9 serotypes were quite different. CONCLUSION: O:3 Yersinia enterocolitica strains might originate from the same clone and had very few variation in different years and provinces but O:9 Yersinia enterocolitica strains from two different clones with some changes.
Subject(s)
Yersinia enterocolitica/classification , Yersinia enterocolitica/genetics , China , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Humans , Yersinia enterocolitica/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution of Yersinia enterocolitica and its virulence factors in Nantong, Jiangsu. METHODS: Yersinia strains were isolated from livestock and poultry. Conventional PCR was used to detect the virulence factors of all strains and strain 0:8 was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE). RESULTS: The combined isolation rate of Yersinia enterocolitica from livestock and poultry was 31.06% and the gene distribution characters were: 39.57% of them were ail-, ystA- , ystB-, yadA- , virF-; 60.43% were ail- , ystA- , ystB + , yadA- , virF- respectively. The two reference strains from America and Denmark showed similar electrophoresis patterns but were significantly different with O:8 strains isolated from China while the serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 and O:9 which were the main epidemic strains in China, were not found in this area. CONCLUSION: The pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitis O:3 and O:9 were not found in Nantong,Jiangsu province.
Subject(s)
Yersinia enterocolitica/isolation & purification , Animals , Animals, Domestic/microbiology , China , Electrophoresis , Poultry/microbiology , Virulence Factors/genetics , Virulence Factors/metabolism , Yersinia enterocolitica/genetics , Yersinia enterocolitica/pathogenicityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors related to the virulence associated genes of Leptospires. METHODS: Twelve putative virulence associated genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in 38 reference strains, 81 field strains of Leptospira interrogans isolated from patients or animals, and 12 avirulent strains of Leptospira biflexa. RESULTS: These putative virulent genes were widely distributed among the strains of Leptospira interrogans, but only few of them were detected in Leptospira biflexa. Gene lipL32 was detected in all strains of Leptospira interrogans. Distribution of gene lipL36 was varied significantly with detected rates from 0 to 90.91%. Gene la1608 had a positive rate of 87.50% for strains of serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae, but was only detected in few strains of other serogroups with a range from 0 to 25.00%. Rate of detection on gene sphA was 17.65% in Leptospira interrogans, and was absent in serovar hardjo reference strain. CONCLUSION: Results indicated that these genes might be of importance for the virulence and pathogenicity of Leptospira interrogans, while gene lipL32 might be one of the common antigens. Gene lipL36 might be involved in serogroup specificity with genetic diversity, but gene la1608 was as one of the genes with specificity for serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae. However, serovar hadjo might hold quite different genetic characteristics when compared with the other serovars of Leptospires.
