Design and validation of a surgical guide for the retrieval of foreign body instruments in jaw / 解剖学报

Objective To design and validate a novel surgical guide for retrieval of foreign body in jaw. Methods Firstly, a surgical guide based on cone beam computed tomography and trephine technique was designed to remove broken dental instrument fragments. Its feasibility and accuracy were assessed by removing broken dental instrument in goat mandible, and then it was successfully applied in clinical cases. The linear and angular discrepancies between actual and planned columnar bone with imaginary fragment was analyzed. The euclidean distance was measured at the hex and apex of the columnar bone and the angle of axis deviation was also calculated. We obtained seven parameters (cdh, cda, hdh, hda, vdh, vda, and ad) to describe deviations. Results Mean central deviation at the hex and apex was (0.51 ± 0.14) mm and (0.62 ± 0.19) mm, respectively. Accompanying mean values were as follow: horizontal deviation at the hex was (0.48 ± 0.16) mm, horizontal deviation at the apex was (0.52 ± 0.22) mm, vertical deviation at the hex was (0.17 ± 0.09) mm, vertical deviation at the apex was (0.29 ± 0.13) mm, and angular deviation of (5.38 ± 3.43) degrees. In a clinical case, the guide successfully located and removed the fracture file. Conclusion This study reveals that this kind novel surgical guide could aid to locate and remove the foreign body in jaw.

Effect of Massage at Tiantu (CV22) in Promoting Cough and Expectoration in Craniocerebral Trauma Patients / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the effect of massage at Tiantu (CV22) in promoting expectoration in craniocerebral trauma patients, and to lessen complications. Method Fifty craniocerebral trauma patients after extubation were randomized into a control group and a treatment group, 25 cases each. The control group was intervened by nebulization plus tapping back to promote cough and expectoration, while the treatment group was additionally given massage at Tiantu. For successive 3 days, the oxygen saturation, atelectasis and arrhythmias were observed and recorded before and after treatment in the morning, at midday and night, as well as the re-intubation rate, cough and expectoration induced by the treatment in the morning, at midday and night during the 3 days. Result The total effective rate in causing cough and expectoration and the increase of oxygen saturation in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the occurrence of complications including atelectasis and arrhythmias and re-intubation rate in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Massage at Tiantu is helpful to enhance the oxygen saturation and promote cough and expectoration in craniocerebral trauma patients, and it can lessen the occurrence of complications, thus worth applying in clinic.

Hot Compress with Chinese Herbal Salt Packets Reducing PICC Catheter Complications: A Randomized Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the preventive effect of applying hot compress with Chinese herbal salt packets (CHSP) to puncture vessels under aseptic conditions during peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) on postoperative phlebitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 720 hospitalized patients undergoing first PICC were assigned to treatment and control groups (360 cases each group) according to a random number table. The control group received conventional catheterization and nursing care. The treatment group was first given hot compress with CHSP (which consisted of honeysuckle 30 g, Semen brassicae 30 g, Salvia miltiorrhiza 30 g, Angelica dahurica 30 g, Semen raphani 30 g, Evodia rutaecarpa 30 g, and coarse salt 20 g) on the punctured vessel under aseptic conditions for 5-10 min before conventional catheterization. The main efficacy indices were the vessel diameters before and during catheterization and the success rate of a single catheter, and the secondary efficacy indiex was the incidence of superficial phlebitis within 1 week after catheterization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The vessel diameter during catheterization of the treatment group was remarkably increased compared with the control group [(7.96±0.42) mm vs. (4.39±0.54) mm, P<0.01]. The success rate of the single catheter of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group [94.00% (329/350) vs. 73.72% (244/329), P<0.01]. The incidence of superficial phlebitis within 1 week after catheterization in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group (P=0.007). There was no adverse event with CHSP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hot compress with CHSP during PICC is applicable as it can effectively improve the success rate of a single catheter and reduce the incidence of superficial phlebitis after catheterization (Trial registration No. ChiCTR-ONC-17010498).</p>

Bevacizumab alleviates radiation-induced brain necrosis: A report of four cases.

To analyze the therapeutic effect of bevacizumab on radiation-induced brain necrosis. Four radiation-induced brain necrosis patients, administered with bevacizumab at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg every 3 weeks, 2 times. One case of brain metastasis of lung cancer and one case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with brain necrosis after radiotherapy. However, their physical signs disappeared after the treatment with bevacizumab. One case of brainstem lesion and one case of brain glioma patient showed a transient improvement in signs and symptoms after treatment with bevacizumab. Bevacizumab can significantly alleviate the radiation-induced brain edema, and can improve the symptoms successively.

Bioavailability of sedimentary phosphorus under repeated sediment resuspension with the addition of algae.

The bioavailability of sedimentary P was investigated under repeated sediment resuspension with and without the addition of algae. Results show that the release of P as dissolved total P and dissolved inorganic P depends on the reduction in Fe/Al-P and Ca-P in the sediments. The reduction rates can be attributed to sediment resuspension and algal assimilation. However, under a low algal concentration, the assimilation of algae in P is lower than the readsorption of reoxidized Fe or other P-binding matter, such as clays and CaCO3 particles. This result was confirmed by the increase in algal available P (AAP) under sediment resuspension conditions with and without the addition of algae. Although measuring the formation and reduction rates of AAP is difficult, AAP is a good predictor of the bioavailability of sedimentary P. The bioavailable P in the sediments can be estimated using the sum of NH4Cl-P, AAP, and %Ca-P at certain concentrations of algae given the assimilation of Ca-P under sediment resuspension conditions with the addition of algae.

Joint application of mathematic models in assessing the residual risk of hepatitis C virus transmitted through blood transfusion / 中华流行病学杂志

The practicable and effective methods for residual risk assessment on transfusion-transmitted disease was to establish the mathematic models. Based on the characteristics of the repeat donors which donated their blood on a regular base, a model of sero-conversion during the interval of donations was established to assess the incidence of the repeat donors. Based on the characteristics of the prevalence in the population, a model of ‘prevalence increased with the age of the donor' was established to assess the incidence of those first-time donors. And based on the impact of the windows period through blood screening program, a model of residual risk associated with the incidence and the length of the windows period was established to assess the residual risk of blood transfusion. In this paper, above said 3 kinds of mathematic models were jointly applied to assess the residual risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) which was transmitted through blood transfusion in Shanghai,based on data from the routine blood collection and screening program. All the anti-HCV unqualified blood donations were confirmed before assessment. Results showed that the residual risk of HCV transmitted through blood transfusion during Jan. 1st,2007 to Dec. 31st,2008 in Shanghai was 1∶101 000. Data showed that the results of residual risk assessment with mathematic models was valuable. The residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HCV in Shanghai was at a safe level, according to the results in this paper.

Protein kinase C inhibitor Gö6976 sensitizes arsenic trioxide-induced cell apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemic cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

To investigate the As(2)O(3)-chemosensitization of Gö6976 in K562 cells by its abrogation of As(2)O(3)-induced G(2)/M cell cycle arrest, K562 cells were treated with As(2)O(3) (5 micromol/L) and Gö6976 with various concentrations, the distributions of cell cycles were detected by flow cytometry, the cell viability was observed by trypan blue exclusion test and cell proliferation was tested by MTT assay. The results indicated that having treated by As(2)O(3) for 24 h and 48 h, the proportion of K562 cells in G(2)/M phase were (38.02 +/- 7.70)% and (32.58 +/- 7.43)% respectively, and no obvious cell apoptosis appeared. 50 nmol/L Gö6976 combined with As(2)O(3) decrease the proportion of cells in G(2)/M phase to (23.24 +/- 2.93)% and (16.18 +/- 1.60)% respectively and increase the proportion of cells in subG(1) phase to (11.82 +/- 2.31)% and (27.80 +/- 2.89)% respectively. Gö6976 abrogated G(2)/M cell cycle arrest induced by As(2)O(3) and increased cell apoptosis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, comparing to the control group, Gö6976 combined with As(2)O(3) decreased the cell viability and depressed the cell proliferation, but Gö6976 alone showed no same effect on them. In conclusion, the effects of AS(2)O(3)-chemosensitization of Gö6976 on K562 cells is associated with its abrogation of As(2)O(3)-induced G(2)/M cell cycle arrest.

Expansion of marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells ex vivo supported by culture system from mouse marrow embryonic fibroblasts and leukemia inhibitory factor / 中国实验血液学杂志

The objective of this study was to explore the effect of culture system from embryonic fibroblasts and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on expansion of mouse bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells ex vivo, and to observe its effect on the expression of homing-related cell adhesion molecules among VLA-4 (CD49e), VLA-5 (CD49e), LFA-1 (CD11a), HCAM (CD44) and L-selectin (CD62L). The culture system from the mouse embryonic fibroblasts inactivatd by mitomycin C and contained LIF was used to culture with mouse BMMNC for 7 days. The total number of BMMNC, CFC, Sca-1(+) cells, cell apoptosis rate and the expression of above cell adhesion molecules were counted. The results showed that culture system consisted of embryonic fibroblasts and LIF significantly enhanced the total number of BMMNC, CFC, Sca-1(+) cells, suppressed cell apoptosis (P < 0.05). In control without MEF and LIF, the total number of BMMNC was reduced remarkedly, CFC and Sca-1(+) cells were completely dead, the majority of cells produced apoptosis (P < 0.01). The expression of CD49d, Cd44 and CD61L on Sca-1(+) cells were similar to that befor expression (P < 0.05), but the expression of CD49e and CD11a on Sca-1(+) cells were remarkably increased (P < 0.05). It is concluded that culture system from embryonic fibroblasts and LIF can only significantly expand mouse bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells ex vivo, but the expanded hematopoietic progenitor may well sustain the expression of homing-related adhesion molecules. The homing functions of these expanded hematopoietic progenitors kept no change.