Molecular mechanism and therapeutic targeting of necrosis, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy in cardiovascular disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Cell death occurs in various tissues and organs in the body. It is a physiological or pathological process that has different effects. It is of great significance in maintaining the morphological function of cells and clearing abnormal cells. Pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necrosis are all modes of cell death that have been studied extensively by many experts and scholars, including studies on their effects on the liver, kidney, the heart, other organs, and even the whole body. The heart, as the most important organ of the body, should be a particular focus. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying the various cell death modes and the relationship between the various mechanisms and heart diseases. The current research status for heart therapy is discussed from the perspective of pathogenesis.

Re-examination of malaria diagnosis in Hubei Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory from 2017 to 2019 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

ObjectiveTo analyze the re-examination results of malaria cases captured from the National Notifiable Communicable Disease Reporting System in Hubei Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory from 2017 to 2019, so as to pro- vide the scientific evidence for improving the malaria control capability in the province. MethodsMicroscopy and nested PCR assay were performed to re-examine the diagnosis of malaria cases registered in the National Notifiable Communicable Disease Reporting System in Hubei Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory from 2017 to 2019, and the coincidences of ma- laria diagnosis and malaria parasite species were evaluated. Results A total of 410 malaria cases were reported in Hubei Province from 2017 to 2019 according to the data retrieved from the National Notifiable Communicable Disease Reporting System. Among the 407 samples re-examined by Hubei Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory from 2017 to 2019, the diag- nosis 374 malaria cases were confirmed, with an overall coincidence of 91.89% (374/407) for malaria diagnosis and 89.04% (333/374) for parasite species identification. The coincidence rates of malaria diagnosis and parasite species identification were 50.00% to 100.00% and 66.67% to 100.00% in 16 cities (prefectures) of Hubei Province during the re-examinations, which both varied in regions (χ2 = 40.46 and 42.30, both P values < 0.01). The coincidence rates of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. ovale identification were 95.80%, 100.00%, 58.33% and 51.92% during the re-examinations, respectively (χ2 = 76.66, P < 0.01). The consistency rate between microscopic and nested PCR results was 89.83% (362/403). Conclusions The overall diagnostic quality of malaria is high in medical institutions at all levels in Hubei Province; however, the diagnostic capability of malaria remains to be improved in some regions.

[Survey of epidemic status of paragonimiasis in western mountainous areas in Hubei Province].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the current status of paragonimiasis epidemic in western mountain areas in Hubei Province. METHODS: Four counties (cities) of Western Hubei Province (Xingshan, Enshi, Yunxi, Baokang) were selected as the investigation sites for active surveillance. Crabs were captured and the metacercariae of Paragonimus were detected. Meanwhile, the blood samples were collected from the residents in the surveillance sites and the unique IgG and IgM antibodies against Paragonimus in the sera were detected by ELISA. In addition, a questionnaire survey about knowledge and behavior of prevention and control of paragonimiasis was taken among the residents. RESULTS: A total of 1 143 residents were investigated in the active surveillance, the total positive rate of the serology test was 1.84% (21/1 143), while the rates of the male and the female were 1.78% (10/562) and 1.89% (11/581), respectively, with no statistical significance between them ( χ2 = 0.002, P > 0.05). The average weight of 161 fresh-water crabs captured was 11.72 g, with the positive rate of 9.32% (15/161) and the infective density of 7.07 metacercariae per positive crab. The positive rates of the male and female crabs were 11.54% (9/78) and 7.23% (6/83), respectively ( χ2 = 0.884, P > 0.05), and the infective densities were 6.67 and 7.67 metacercariae per positive crab, respectively. Totally 1 143 residents were investigated by questionnaires, and 0.44% of them had the behavior of eating raw or half-done fresh-water crab, and 0.87% of them had the behavior of drinking un-boiled stream water. CONCLUSIONS: The transmission chain of paragonimiasis still exists in the nature environment of mountain area in Western Hubei Province. The positive rate of the second intermediate host rebounds in some investigation sites. Therefore, the measures of continuous surveillance and health education should be taken to avoid the appearance of the prevalence or outbreak.

[Application of ARIMA model on prediction of malaria incidence].

OBJECTIVE: To predict the incidence of local malaria of Hubei Province applying the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA). METHODS: SPSS 13.0 software was applied to construct the ARIMA model based on the monthly local malaria incidence in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2009. The local malaria incidence data of 2010 were used for model validation and evaluation. RESULTS: The model of ARIMA (1, 1, 1) (1, 1, 0)12 was tested as relatively the best optimal with the AIC of 76.085 and SBC of 84.395. All the actual incidence data were in the range of 95% CI of predicted value of the model. The prediction effect of the model was acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: The ARIMA model could effectively fit and predict the incidence of local malaria of Hubei Province.

[Epidemiological analysis of malaria prevalence in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2014].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the malaria epidemic situation in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2014, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the effective malaria elimination strategies and measures in this province. METHODS: The data from the Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention were collected and analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological method for the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2014. RESULTS: A total of 997 malaria cases were reported in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2014, there were 618 cases of vivax malaria, 352 cases of falciparum malaria, 18 cases of Plasmodium ovale infection, and 9 cases of Plasmodium malariae infection. Among all the reported cases, 479 were local cases and 518 were imported cases. No local malaria cases were reported from Hubei Province since 2013. The overall imported malaria cases showed a gradual increasing trend from 2010 to 2014, the proportion of falciparum malaria increased quite significantly from 2010 to 2014. The malaria cases were mainly distributed in Xiangyang, Wuhan, Xiaogan, Yichang, Jingmen and Suizhou cities, reaching 81.85% of the cases of the whole province. There were 810 male cases and 187 female cases, with a sex ratio of 4.33:1. The local malaria cases were mainly aged from 40 to 69 years, accounted for 78.29% of the total local cases, and 88.22% (457/518) of the whole local cases were concentrated in 20-49 age groups. The local cases were mainly farmers (67.01%). Among the imported malaria cases, the occupation distribution concentrated mainly on the worker, migrant worker, and farmer (63.90%). CONCLUSIONS: The local malaria epidemic situation has been effectively controlled in Hubei Province, which reflects the initiative achievements of malaria elimination. However, there are still many imported malaria cases from abroad. Therefore, the imported malaria from abroad still remains the key of malaria control in Hubei Province.

Down-regulation of AnnexinⅡExpression in NB4 Cells Induced by all-trans Retinoic Acid and Its Mechanisms / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore effect of all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA) on annexin Ⅱ expression in NB4 cells and to analyze the luciferase activity of annexinⅡ promoter in condition of ATRA-induced treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>NB4 cells were cultured in vitro, the transcriptional or translational expression levels of Annexin Ⅱ in NB4 cells treated with 1 µmol/L ATRA at different time points were detected by RT-PCR or Western blot respectively. Annexin Ⅱ-promoter was constructed, the recombinant plasmids pGL4.15 -Annexin Ⅱ -promoter were transfected into NB4 cells with electroporation, and after being treated with 1 µmol/L ATRA for 24 hours the luciferase acttivity of Annexin Ⅱ promoter was determined by luciferase activity assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The transcriptional expression of Annexin Ⅱ was down-regulated after 48 h. The translation expression of Annexin Ⅱ was slowly weakened after 24 h, and it was seriously reduced after 48 h. Further, Luciferase activity of AnnexinⅡ promoter in NB4 cells treated with 1 µmol/L ATRA was down-regulated, and showed a decreased tendency at indicated time points.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All-trans retinoic acid can induce the down-regulation of AnnexinⅡ expression on the membrane of NB4 cells, and the activity of Annexin Ⅱpromoter is down-regulated too. This study provide a basis for further study of molecular mechanism.</p>

Clinical features and prognostic factors of small cell lung cancer: A retrospective study in 148 patients / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

To better understand the outcomes of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), we examined the clinical features and prognostic factors of SCLC in this study. A total of 148 patients who were diagnosed as having SCLC between January 2009 and December 2013 in Cancer Center of Union Hospital, Wuhan, China, were enrolled and their clinical features and prognostic factors were retrospectively analyzed. Log-rank test and Cox regression model were employed for analysis of prognostic factors. The 1- and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates were 59.7% and 25.7%, respectively, for limited disease (LD) patients whose median survival time (MST) was 16 months. The 1- and 2-year OS rates were 29.5% and 5.3%, respectively, for extensive disease (ED) patients whose MST was 10 months. The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis revealed that age, tumor stage, serum CEA and Ki-67 antigen were significantly correlated to the outcomes of SCLC, and they were significant prognostic factors for SCLC.