The effect of fiscal decentralization, environmental regulation, and economic development on haze pollution: empirical evidence for 270 Chinese cities during 2007-2016.

The current discourse addresses fiscal issues, financial decentralization, and environmental quality and significantly affects economic development and sustainability. This investigation aims to address the research gap in fiscal decentralization and haze pollution for innovation and sustainable growth. This study uses the annual data of 270 Chinese cities from 2007 to 2016 for comprehensive analysis and employs spatial regression methods. The key findings imply that haze pollution in neighbouring cities causes further ecological issues. While the environmental regulations of China tend to have negative impacts on pollution, fiscal decentralization was found to be a key contributor to environmental pollution in Chinese cities. Overall, the study supports the validity of the pollution refuge hypothesis in China. Lastly, the conclusions allow us to conclude that China might need micro-level reforms regarding fiscal decentralization, environmental tax laws, and encouragement of cleaner production technologies.

Double pulley dual row technique with shoulder arthroscopy for the treatment of Ideberg typeⅠglenoid fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate clinical effects of Double-pulley dual row technique with shoulder arthroscopy in treating scapular glenoid fracture(Ideberg typeⅠ).@*METHODS@#From July 2017 to March 2019, 8 patiens with scapular glenoid fracture (Ideberg typeⅠ) were treated with Double-pulley dual-row technique with shoulder arthroscopy, including 7 males and 1 female;5 cased of injuries in the left shoulder, 3 cased of injuries in the right shoulder;ranging in age from 22 to 56 years old; and the time from injury to operation ranged from 3 to 10 days. X-ray and CT of shoulder joint were taken before and after operation to evaluate the fracture severity and fracture healing. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeous (ASES) and Constant- Murley scores were used to evaluate shoulder joint function.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 24 months, and the fracture healing time ranged from 3 to 5 months. No operative site infection was found in all patients. CT scan of shoulder joint showed satisfactory reduction and no displacement. The shoulder joint function recovered well. ASES score at the latest follow up after operation ranged from 85 to 97 points, which were higher than those before operation; Constant-Murley score ranged from 83 to 96 points, which were higher than those before operation.@*CONCLUSION@#Double-pulley dual-row technique with shoulder arthroscopy is effective to fix scapular glenoid fracture of Ideberg typeⅠwith minimal tissue trauma and significant improvement of shoulder joint function.

Effect of Ankle Dorsal Flexion Trainer on Balance Ability for Old Women / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the effect of a self-designed ankle dorsal flexion trainer (AFT) on ankle flexor muscle group of the old women and balance ability. Methods:From March to April, 2017, 36 old female volunteers were divided into control group (n = 18) and experimental group (n = 18). Both groups exercised through free forms of square dance, and the experimental group exercised with AFT in addition. The relative peak torque of ankle flexor muscle group was obtained by isokinetic test. The balance test was conducted by Footscan foot bottom pressure plate, and calf-raise time was tested. Results:After training, the relative peak torque of ankle flexor muscle group was stronger (t = -2.305~-2.165, P < 0.05), sway area and velocity of center of gravity under eyes open and closed decreased (t = 2.453~8.631, P < 0.05), and calf-raise time lengthened (t = -7.909, P < 0.001) in the experimental group. There was no difference in the indexes above in the control group after training (P > 0.05). Conclusion:AFT can strengthen ankle flexor muscle group to improve balance function in the old women.

Therapeutic effect and prognosis of interferon therapy after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B virus / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of interferon therapy after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B virus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-two patients with advanced primary hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B virus was randomly divided into 2 groups. Thirty-one cases were treated with TACE and Interferon. Thirty-one cases with TACE only. HBV DNA, clinical effect, intrahepatic tumor recurrence rate and survival rate were studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 31 patients in TACE+IFN group, 17 (54.8%) were negative for HBV DNA at the end of treatment. None of TACE group was negative for HBV DNA. The intrahepatic tumor recurrence rate at 1 year and 2 years in TACE+IFN group was 16.1%, 29.0%, compared with 38.7%, 61.3% in TACE group (chi-square = 3.97, chi-square 6.51, P < 0.05). The survival rate in the former was 83.9% and 74.2% respectively, compared with that of 61.3% and 38.7% in the latter (chi-square = 3.97, chi-square = 7.94, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Interferon therapy after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization resulted low recurrence and long survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B virus. This method showed fewer side effects and should be recommended.</p>

Effect of Rhein on the development of hepatic fibrosis in rats / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of rhein on the development of hepatic fibrosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The animal models were made with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) mixed with vegetable oil (3/2, v/v), which was injected subcutaneously twice a week for 6 weeks, and with 5% ethanol for free drinking water. At the same time, Rhein was administrated at the dose of 25 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg once a day for 6 weeks. The changes of both biochemical markers, such as the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hyaluronic acid (HA), procollagen type III (PCIII) in serum and SOD, malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver, and related histopathological parametres were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the model group, there were three kinds of changes in the larger quantity of rhein treated group. (1) The levels of ALT, HA, PCIII in serum and MDA in liver homogenate were decreased significantly (from 150 U/L +/- 16 U/L to 78 U/L +/- 18 U/L, 321 microg/L +/- 97 microg/L to 217 microg/L +/- 75 microg/L, 31 microg/L +/- 14 microg/L to 16 microg/L +/- 6 microg/L and 3.67 nmol/mg +/- 0.68 nmol/mg to 1.88 nmol/mg +/- 0.34 nmol/mg, respectively, t > or 2.977, P<0.01). However the level of SOD in liver was increased (from 62.45 NU/mg +/- 8.74 NU/mg to 91.26 NU/mg +/- 14.04 NU/mg, t=4.453, P<0.01). (2) The expressions of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in liver were markedly reduced (P<0.05 and P<0.01). (3) The collagen staining positive area was decreased and the grade of fibrosis was reduced significantly in liver (P<0.05 and P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rhein can protect hepatocyte from injury and prevent the progress of hepatic fibrosis in rats, which may associate with that rhein plays a role in antioxidation, anti-inflammation, inhibiting the expression of TGF-beta1 and suppressing the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).</p>