[Progress on treatment of acetabular quadrilateral plate injury].

Acetabular quadrilateral plate injury has become a hot spot and focus in the field of orthopaedic trauma and pelvic floor function in recent years. Although there are five fracture types,they are all based on fracture morphology,without considering the pulling force of ligaments,joint capsular and muscles. A perfect classification needs to describe the displacement of bone mass in three-dimensional space to better guide reduction and fixation. The seven incision and exposure methods are still the traditional open-eye surgery,and how to protect the criss-crossing vascular neural network and pelvic organs is still the focus. Quadrilateral defect causes dislocation of artificial hip joint,and quantitative evaluation of quadrilateral defect volume and revision techniques are still a hot topic. In this paper,the viewpoints of three-dimensional network structure of acetabular pelvic vascular anatomy,anatomical surgical target channel and fixation anchor point of acetabular fracture reduction are proposed to design new techniques for accurate and minimally invasive surgical operations,in order to realize the requirements of rapid orthopedic rehabilitation.

Relationship between promoting effect of Zuogui Pills on angiogenesis of reproductive organs and mobilization factors GM-CSF, SDF-1, and their receptors of EPCs in early-aging rats / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the promoting effect of Zuogui Pills on ovarian and vaginal angiogenesis in early-aging rats and mobilization factors granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF), stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1), and their receptors of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs) and explore the mechanism of Zuogui Pills in improving reproductive hypofunction in early-aging rats. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the chemical components of the extract of Zuogui Pills. Forty 14-month-old female early-aging rats with estrous cycle disorder were randomly divided into a blank group, a conjugated estrogen group(conjugated estrogen suspension, 65 μg·kg~(-1)), and low-(11 g·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(33 g·kg~(-1)) Zuogui Pills groups, with 10 rats in each group. In addition, 10 4-month-old female rats were assigned to the youth control group. The rats in the blank group and the youth control group were treated with 20 g·kg~(-1) distilled water by gavage, while those in the groups with drug intervention were treated with corresponding drugs by gavage, once a day for 15 days. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the levels of SDF-1 and GM-CSF in the mobilization of EPCs in serum. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was used to observe the changes in the number of ovarian follicles at all levels and corpus luteum, the number of vaginal epithelial layers, the number of vaginal folds, and the blood vessels of ovarian and vaginal tissues in the groups with drug intervention. Western blot was used to detect the expression of ER, GM-CSFR, CXCR4, and CXCR7 proteins in ovarian and vaginal tissues. As revealed by the results, the blank group showed decreased number of corpus luteum, gro-wing follicles at all levels, and blood vessels(P<0.05), decreased thickness of vaginal mucosa, the number of epithelial layers, the number of vaginal folds, and the number of vessels in the lamina propria(P<0.05), reduced content of SDF-1 and GM-CSF in the peripheral blood(P<0.05), and down-regulated levels of ER, CXCR4, CXCR7, and GM-CSFR proteins in ovarian and vaginal tissues(P<0.05). The groups with drug intervention showed increased number of growing follicles at all levels, corpus luteum, and blood vessels(P<0.05), decreased number of atresia follicles(P<0.05), increased thickness of vaginal mucosa, the number of epithelial layers, the number of vaginal mucosal folds, and the number of blood vessels in the lamina propria(P<0.05), increased content of SDF-1 and GM-CSF in the peripheral blood(P<0.05), and up-regulated levels of ER, CXCR4, CXCR7, and GM-CSFR proteins in ovarian and vaginal tissues(P<0.05). This experiment suggests that Zuogui Pills may promote ovarian and vaginal angiogenesis and improve the reproductive function of early-aging rats by up-regulating the levels of mobilization factors SDF-1, GM-CSF, and their receptors of EPCs.

A novel anatomical self-locking plate fixation for both-column acetabular fractures.

PURPOSE: To compare the stability of the posterior anatomic self-locking plate (PASP) with two types of popular reconstruction plate fixation, i.e. double reconstruction plate (DRP) and cross reconstruction plate (CRP), and to explore the influence of sitting and turning right/left on implants. METHODS: PASP, DRP and CRP were assembled on a finite element model of both-column fractures of the left acetabulum. A load of 600 N and a torque of 8 N·m were loaded on the S1 vertebral body to detect the change of stress and displacement when sitting and turning right/left. RESULTS: The peak stress and displacement of the three kinds of fixation methods under all loading conditions were CRP > DRP > PASP. The peak stress and displacement of PASP are 313.5 MPa and 1.15 mm respectively when turning right; and the minimal was 234.0 Mpa and 0.619 mm when turning left. CONCLUSION: PASP can provide higher stability than DRP and CRP for both-column acetabular fractures. The rational movement after posterior DRP and PASP fixation for acetabular fracture is to turn to the ipsilateral side, which can avoid implant failure.

Establishment and comparison of three human multiple myeloma cell line transplantation models in mice / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To establish three types of xenotransplantation models using human myeloma cell lines ARP1, MM.1S, and NCI-H929 and to compare the proliferation, tumor load, and biological characteristics of the three types of cells after transplantation. Methods: Suspensions of human myeloma cell lines ARP1, MM.1S, and NCI-H929 were implanted into NOD/SCID mice by subcutaneous injection or tail vein injection. The survival of the mice was observed weekly, and the tumor load was measured. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of CD138(+) cells in tumor tissue or the mouse bone marrow. CD138(+) cells and light chains were detected by immunofluorescence. Light chains in bone marow and peipheral blood were measured by ELISA, and bone disease was assessed by micro-CT. Results: Mice injected with ARP1, MM.1S, and NCI-H929 cells all formed tumors subcutaneously in about 2 weeks. Immunofluorescence detection supported plasma cell tumors. Kappa light chains were detected in the peripheral blood of ARP1 mice on day 20 after tail vein transplantation (8.2±1.0 ng/ml) . After 6 weeks of tail vein transplantation, mice in the ARP1 group showed signs of weight loss, mental depression, and dragging legs, and human CD138(+)CD38(+) cells were detected in the bone marrow (BM) . Furthermore, bortezomib (BTZ) treatment given once the tumor was established significantly reduced the tumor burden[ (5.7±0.2) % vs (21.3±2.1) %, P<0.01]. Human CD138(+)CD38(+) cells were not detected in the BM of the MM.1S or NCI-H929 groups. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the mouse models constructed by the three cell lines (ARP1, MM.1S, and NCI-H929) can be used as models for the pathogenesis and clinical research of MM.

Youguiwan Regulates CXCL8/CXCR1/2 Signaling Pathway and Ang-1 and Ang-2 Expression to Promote Ovarian Angiogenesis in Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effects of Chinese herbal compound Youguiwan on angiogenesis of rats with ovarian dysfunction caused by natural aging and its relationship with chemokine interleukin 8 （CXCL8）/CXC chemokine receptor 1/2 （CXCR1/2） signaling pathway， angiopoietin 1 （Ang-1）， and angiopoietin 2 （Ang-2）， so as to explore its mechanism in improving the ovarian function. MethodFifty six female SD rats were randomly divided into the young control group （n=8） and modeling group （n=48， ovarian dysfunction caused by natural aging）. Rats in both the young control and modeling groups were routinely fed， during which the ones in the modeling group underwent exfoliative cytology of vaginal smears for five to seven days. The ones presented with prolonged estrous cycle， followed by continuous estrus and repeated pseudopregnancy revealed by vaginal cytology during four consecutive estrous cycles indicated early aging， and the young rats with keratinocyte proliferation index higher than 50% for 10 consecutive days were classified into the young control group. The successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the early-aged group， estrogen （65 μg·kg-1·d-1） group， Zuoguiwan （33 g·kg-1·d-1） group， as well as the low-， medium-， and high-dose （1.2， 2.4， 4.8 g·kg-1·d-1） Youguiwan groups. Rats in the young control group and the early-aged group were gavaged with the same volume of normal saline for 30 days. After the experiment， the morphological changes in rat ovary were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The protein expression levels of chemokines CXCL8， CXCR1， CXCR2， Ang-1， and Ang-2 in rat ovary were detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry， and the mRNA expression levels of CXCL8， CXCR1， CXCR2， Ang-1， and Ang-2 by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the young control group， the early-aged group exhibited reduced number of growing follicles， corpus luteum， and blood vessels at all levels， elevated atretic follicles （P<0.01）， up-regulated protein and mRNA expression of CXCL8， CXCR1， and CXCR2 in the ovarian tissue （P<0.01）， and down-regulated Ang-1 and Ang-2 protein and mRNA expression （P<0.05）. Compared with the early-aged group， each medication remarkably increased the number of growing follicles， corpus luteum， and blood vessels （P<0.05）， lowered the number of atretic follicles （P<0.05）， down-regulated the protein and mRNA expression levels of CXCL8， CXCR1， and CXCR2 in the ovarian tissue （P<0.05）， and up-regulated the protein and mRNA expression levels of Ang-1 and Ang-2 （P<0.05）. ConclusionYouguiwan down-regulates the levels of CXCL8， CXCR1， and CXCR2 in rat ovary and up-regulates the levels of Ang-1 and Ang-2 to promote ovarian angiogenesis and improve rat ovarian function.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor protects against acrylamide-induced neuronal and synaptic injury via the TrkB-MAPK-Erk1/2 pathway.

Acrylamide has been shown to be neurotoxic. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can alleviate acrylamide-induced synaptic injury; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-induced mature human neuroblastoma (NB-1) cells were exposed with 0-100 µg/mL acrylamide for 24-72 hours. Acrylamide decreased cell viability and destroyed synapses. Exposure of co-cultured NB-1 cells and Schwann cells to 0-100 µg/mL acrylamide for 48 hours resulted in upregulated expression of synapsin I and BDNF, suggesting that Schwann cells can activate self-protection of neurons. Under co-culture conditions, activation of the downstream TrkB-MAPK-Erk1/2 pathway strengthened the protective effect. Exogenous BDNF can increase expression of TrkB, Erk1/2, and synapsin I, while exogenous BDNF or the TrkB inhibitor K252a could inhibit these changes. Taken together, Schwann cells may act through the BDNF-TrkB-MAPK-Erk1/2 signaling pathway, indicating that BDNF plays an important role in this process. Therefore, exogenous BDNF may be an effective treatment strategy for acrylamide-induced nerve injury. This study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee of the National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, a division of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (approval No. EAWE-2017-008) on May 29, 2017.

Comparison of Effect of Serum-Free Culture Systems on Directional Erythroid Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Blood CD34 Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the efficacy of directional erythroid differentiation in different serum free culture systems and to screen the optimal culture systems for inducing the differentiation of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenior cells (HSPC) to erythroid cells.@*METHODS@#The CD34 cells from umbilical blood munonuclear cells were sorted by using the magnetic beads, and were inoculated into 3 different of culture systems (system 1, 2 and 3 respectively), to induce erythrold differentiation by 3 stage culture. The living cells were counted in different differentiation stages and were observed by Wright-Giemsa staining; the expression of CD71 and CD235a on cell surface was detected by flow cytometry, the erythroid differentiation pteency was detected via colony-forming test.@*RESULTS@#The ability of system 2 to promote the HSPC proliferation was the strongest, the efficacy of system 3 to promote the erythroid differentiation of HSPC was the most optimal; the proliferation ability of cells cultured in system 2 for 2-15 days all was higher than that of cells cutured in system 1 and 3 (P＜0.05). The flow cytometry detection showed that the expression of CD71 and CD235a on surface of cells cultured in system 3 was the highest, the CD235a percentage on day 15 of differentiation in system 3 was (92.33±3.89)%, that in system 2 was (84.67±3.12)%, while that in system 1 was (72.17±6.83)% (P＜0.05). Cell morplologic detection showed that throid differentiation was accelerated on day 12, the percentage of orthochromatic erythrocytes in system 3 was (67.67±2.08)% which was 10.69 and 25.34 times higher than that in system 2 and 1 respectively (P＜0.05). The colony-forming test showed the ratio of BFU-E in system 3 increased gradually on day 3-9 (r=0.99, P＜0.05), which was significanlly higher than that in system 2 and 1 on day 9 (90.35±5.52% vs 77.06±2.26% and 74.50±3.95%).@*CONCLUSION@#Culture system 3 is the most effective serum-free erythroid differentiation system, and the culture system 2 is the most powerful HSPC proliferation system. This study results provide a technical basis for further efficiently increasing and inducing the erythroid proliferation and differentiation of HSPC, and also provide culture system in vitro for the clinical application and basic research.

Acrylamide-induced Subacute Neurotoxic Effects on the Cerebral Cortex and Cerebellum at the Synapse Level in Rats.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate acrylamide (ACR)-induced subacute neurotoxic effects on the central nervous system (CNS) at the synapse level in rats. METHODS: Thirty-six Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into three groups, (1) a 30 mg/kg ACR-treated group, (2) a 50 mg/kg ACR-treated group, and (3) a normal saline (NS)-treated control group. Body weight and neurological changes were recorded each day. At the end of the test, cerebral cortex and cerebellum tissues were harvested and viewed using light and electron microscopy. Additionally, the expression of Synapsin I and P-Synapsin I in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum were investigated. RESULTS: The 50 mg/kg ACR-treated rats showed a significant reduction in body weight compared with untreated individuals (P < 0.05). Rats exposed to ACR showed a significant increase in gait scores compared with the NS control group (P < 0.05). Histological examination indicated neuronal structural damage in the 50 mg/kg ACR treatment group. The active zone distance (AZD) and the nearest neighbor distance (NND) of synaptic vesicles in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum were increased in both the 30 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg ACR treatment groups. The ratio of the distribution of synaptic vesicles in the readily releasable pool (RRP) was decreased. Furthermore, the expression levels of Synapsin I and P-Synapsin I in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum were decreased in both the 30 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg ACR treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Subacute ACR exposure contributes to neuropathy in the rat CNS. Functional damage of synaptic proteins and vesicles may be a mechanism of ACR neurotoxicity.

[Effects of acrylamide on synaptic plasticity of rat neuron].

OBJECTIVE: To explore effects of acrylamide on synaptic plasticity of rat neuron and its mechanisms. METHODS: 24 Wistar rats were divided into control and test groups randomly, 12 rats in each group. The ratio of male and female in each group was 1:1. Acrylamide (30 mg/kg) was administered to rats by intraperitoneal injection in test group and normal saline (5 g/kg) was given to rats in control group. The neurobehavioral and pathologic changes of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney were observed. Changes of parameters in synapse were recorded by electron microscope. As an important target of synapse, change of Synapsin I was measured by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: Compared with the control group (male: 1.00 ± 0.00; female: 1.00 ± 0.00), the gait score was increased significantly in ACR treated group (male: 2.50 ± 0.55, t = -7.24, P < 0.01; female: 3.17 ± 0.41, t = -12.19, P < 0.01). No obvious pathological changes of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney were found in all rats. Compared with the control group (male: (0.41 ± 0.09) µm; female: (0.40 ± 0.06) µm), the length of active zone of synapse was decreased significantly in ACR treated group (male: (0.15 ± 0.05) µm, t = 6.59, P < 0.05; female: (0.14 ± 0.07) µm, t = 7.26, P < 0.05). The width and postsynaptic density of synapse in ACR treated group had no significant difference with control group. The location of Synapsin I of control group and ACR treated group was both in gray matter of spinal dorsal horn. Compared with the control group (male: 195.40 ± 12.30; female: 195.19 ± 6.71), the concentration of Synapsin I was decreased significantly in ACR treated group (male: 60.90 ± 29.19, t = 10.40, P < 0.05; female: 67.56 ± 20.23, t = 15.65, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Neuronal synaptic plasticity was found in damage of nervous system induced by acrylamide in rats, which might be associated with the expression of Synapsin I.

Detection of common deletions and mutations causing α-thalassemia in Southeast Asians and Southern Chinese with denaturing high performance liquid chromatography / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a comprehensive and simple assay using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) for the diagnosis of most common mutations and deletions of α-thalassemia gene in Southeast Asians and Southern Chinese.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This assay has included a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by DHPLC analysis. An improved PCR was also performed followed by DHPLC analysis. With this assay, a blinded study of 160 samples was screened for three common mutations and three common deletions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The duplex PCR-DHPLC combined with the improved PCR-DHPLC analysis has detected all mutations and the wild-type allele. The results were consistent with those by the original methods.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This molecular assay may be used for the diagnosis of α-thalassemia patients from this geographical region. The method is accurate, rapid, semi-automatic and cost-effective, which makes it suitable for large-scale screening.</p>

[Effect of vinyl chloride on reproductive and endocrine system of male rats].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of vinyl chloride on reproductive and endocrine system of male rats. METHODS: Male SD rats were administered with vinyl chloride at dose of (0, 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg) for 14 and 28 days, respectively. The levels of testosterone (T), inhibin B, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) were measured in serum and testis homogenates. Histopathological examinations were performed for testis with electron microscopy. RESULTS: Compared with the control group after 14-day exposure, T and E2 serum levels of 1000, 100, 10 mg/kg groups decreased, InhB and LH levels of three dose groups increased. LH serum levels of 100 mg/kg increased significantly statistically compared with control group (P < 0.05). After 28-day exposure, T serum levels of 100, 1000 mg/kg groups were (10.90 +/- 1.56), (8.52 +/- 2.85) ng/ml respectively (P < 0.05), InhB serum levels of 100, 1000 mg/kg groups were (31.40 +/- 6.21), (28.39 +/- 5.67) pg/ml respectively. Both of T and InhB serum levels of 100, 1000 mg/kg groups decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Serum FSH levels of 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg groups decreased significantly compared with control group (P < 0.05). Compared with groups of 14-day exposure, serum InhB and LH levels of 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg groups decreased significantly statistically after 28 days. T and InhB testis levels of 100, 1000 mg/kg groups were 8.05 +/- 2.19),(6.75 +/- 1.94) ng/mg pro and (39.32 +/- 5.55), (35.53 +/- 8.71) pg/mg pro respectively, which decreased significantly compared with control group (P < 0.05). Leydig cell and Sertoli cell were damaged according to histopathological examinations. CONCLUSION: Vinyl chloride has adverse effects on reproductive and endocrine system of male rats and may change their serum and testis homogenate levels of hormones.

[Effects of styrene on the dopaminergic transmitter content and monoamine oxidase activity in different sections of rat brain].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect on dopaminergic transmitter content and of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity at dose of experiment in different sections of rat brain exposed bu acutely and subacutely styrene. METHODS: Rats were administrated orally with styrene of at dose of 600mg/kg for acute, 150, 300 and 600mg/kg for subacute experiment; recovery group were observed after 3 weeks exposure of styrene and intervened group were injected intraperitoneally at dose of 600mg/kg Levodopa (L-dopa) ; the urinary metabolites of styrene mandelic acid (MA) and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) were monitered as inner dosage, and the content of dopamine (DA) and activity of MAO were evaluated. RESULTS: The result indicated that the content of urinary MA and PGA were associated with dosage positively, and MA may be more sensitive as inner dosage of styrene exposure since the background of PGA. Levels of DA in retina, hypophysis and striatum were decreased after styrene exposure, the activities of MAO in hypophysis were increased and were reduced in retina and striatum. CONCLUSION: It was suggested dopaminergic system could be participated in styrene neurotoxicity.

[Protective effect of reduced glutathione on cytotoxicity induced by hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in L-02 hepatocyte].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) on cytotoxicity induced by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in L-02 hepatocyte. METHODS: The test has three groups:the groups of (Cr(VI), the groups of GSH, the groups of Cr (VI) and GSH. The survival rate of L-02 hepatocyte is assessed on the reductions of tetrazolium dye (MTT). RESULTS: Significant cytotoxicities of L-02 hepatocyte were observed at the concenations of 2,4,8,16,32 and 64 micromol/L Cr (VI). Concentration-dependent decrease in cell survival rate of Cr (VI)-treated L-02 hepatocytes were observed (r = -0.910) Protective effect on all concentrations of Cr(VI) (2 - 64 micromol/L) at the dose of 20 micromol/LGSH were found. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that proper concentrations of GSH could have protective effect on cytoxicity induced by Cr(VI) in L-02 hepatocyte. GSH of too low or too high concentrations don't has this effect.

[Study of L-02 hepatocyte apoptosis induced by hexavalent chromium associated with mitochondria function damage].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of hexavalent chromium on apoptosis of L-02 hepatocytes and the functions of mitochondria. METHODS L-02 hepatocytes in all tests were incubated with 0,2,4,8,16,32 [see text] 64 micromol/L of Cr(VI) for 6h. Apoptosis of L-02 hepatocytes in the presence of Cr(VI) was quantified by flow cytometry (FCM). The permeability transition pore (FTP) of mitochondria and mitochondrial membrane potential as indicators of mitochondrial damage were measured by fluorescent spectrometer. RESULTS: Concentration-dependent decrease in cell apoptosis rate of Cr(VI)-treated L-02 hepatocytes were observed. The results of permeability transition pore (PTP) of mitochondria, mitochondrial membrane potential in all concentrations of Cr(VI) had significant difference when compared to the control cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that L-02 hepatocytes apoptosis induced by Cr(VI) associated with mitochondrial damages.