ABSTRACT
It is reported that bacterial colonization of the airway in neonates affects the likelihood and severity of subsequent wheezing in childhood. This study aimed to explore the impact of bacterial colonization on the severity of virus-induced wheezing, and accompanying airway inflammation. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from 68 hospitalized children with bronchiolitis and 85 children with recurrent wheezing were obtained. Eleven common respiratory viruses were sought by PCR and/or direct fluorescence assay. Bacteria were isolated from NPAs by routine culture methods. Cell numbers and concentrations of cytokines/chemokines in the NPAs were measured, and nucleated cells were characterized. The frequency of bacterial colonization in children with recurrent wheezing was significantly higher than in children with an initial attack of bronchiolitis. Bacterial colonization accompanying virus infection had no effect on clinical manifestations, duration of hospitalization, concentrations of cytokines/chemokines (except interleukin-10 (IL-10)) or cellularity in the children with bronchiolitis; however, among the children with recurrent wheezing, those who had coexistent non-invasive bacterial colonization and virus infection presented more frequent cyanosis, longer duration of hospitalization, a higher concentration of IL-10 and a higher percentage of neutrophils in NPAs than those with virus infection but without bacterial colonization. Bacterial colonization was common in children with virus-induced wheezing, particularly in the situation of recurrent wheezing. To some extent, bacterial colonization accompanying virus infection may contribute to the severity of the wheezing because of its impact on airway inflammation.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections/complications , Bacterial Infections/pathology , Respiratory Sounds/physiopathology , Respiratory Tract Infections/pathology , Severity of Illness Index , Virus Diseases/complications , Virus Diseases/pathology , Child, Preschool , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods , Female , Humans , Infant , Inflammation/pathology , Male , Nasopharynx/microbiology , Nasopharynx/virology , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/virologyABSTRACT
Hazards caused by leakage of hydrocarbons have long been a problem. In this paper, the critical initiation energy and explosion limits of some hydrocarbon-air mixtures have been measured in confined (rectangle shock tube) and unconfined (plastic bag) condition tests. Two dimensionless parameters are suggested to compare the fire and explosion hazards of different hydrocarbons. Additionally, a series of experiments was performed to determine the influence of chemical additives on the fire and explosion hazards of some hydrocarbon-air mixtures in confined (rectangle shock tube) tests. These results relate directly to flammability and reactivity of hydrocarbon air mixtures. Such measurements are very important for hydrocarbon safety.
Subject(s)
Explosions , Fires , Hydrocarbons/chemistry , Air , Hazardous SubstancesABSTRACT
The synthesis of the Re (V) complex and preparation of 188Re-AEDP are described using 188Re which was obtained from the alumina-based 188W/188Re generator. Dependence of the radiolabeling yields of 188Re-AEDP on reducing agent concentration, AEDP concentration, pH and addition of carrier was examined. In the case of optimum conditions, the radiolabeling yields of 188Re-AEDP were 92-93% for carrier-free 188Re and 95-98% for carrier-added 188Re. The stability of 188Re-AEDP at pH approximately 6 was studied and it is found that the carrier has a significant effect on the stability of 188Re-AEDP. The biodistribution of carrier-free and carrier-added 188Re-labelled compounds in rats was also measured. The results show that 188Re (carrier-added)-AEDP is a potential bone palliation radiopharmaceutical due to its high skeletal uptake, rapid blood clearance and relatively low soft tissue absorption.
Subject(s)
Diphosphonates/isolation & purification , Diphosphonates/pharmacokinetics , Radiopharmaceuticals/isolation & purification , Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics , Rhenium/isolation & purification , Rhenium/pharmacokinetics , Animals , Bone Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Bone Neoplasms/secondary , Diphosphonates/therapeutic use , Drug Carriers , Drug Stability , Female , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Palliative Care , Radiopharmaceuticals/therapeutic use , Rats , Rhenium/therapeutic use , Tin Compounds , Tissue DistributionSubject(s)
Cardiac Surgical Procedures/trends , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/trends , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/education , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , China , Humans , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/trends , Societies, MedicalABSTRACT
A PC-based NMR off-line data processing system is developed and described in detail. With this software system, one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and NMR imaging (MRI) data can be processed easily, and give reliable results. By the applications of this system, a versatile software interface is set up to achieve data exchanging and integrated usage with other PC application software and aids the PC to become an effective and powerful workstation.
