Magnesium oil enriched transdermal nanogel of methotrexate for improved arthritic joint mobility, repair, and reduced inflammation.

Aim: Methotrexate (Mtx) is prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation in arthritis patients; however, improved repair and mobility of joints still are the major concerns. Magnesium oil (MO) improves joint mobility and repair; therefore, MO-assisted transdermal delivery of Mtx was aimed.Methods: MO integrated Mtx nanoemulsion (Mtx-MONE) was prepared with uniform size (175 ± 35.4 nm), pH (6.15 ± 0.3) near to skin pH, and high entrapment efficiency (65 ± 8.6%). Mtx-MONE was transformed to nanogel (Mtx-MONEG) with semisolid consistency (43,408 ± 77.72 cP) and good spreadability (3.63 ± 0.033 mJ).Results: Mtx-MONEG showed significant reduction in oedema, arthritic scores, level of inflammatory cytokines, and improved walking as compared to diseased control. MO offered additional improvements in joints, mobility, and repair.Conclusion: Transdermal delivery of Mtx has been successfully achieved by Mtx-MONEG. Tremendous recovery from inflammation, improved joints mobility and repair, and reduced pain strongly support the use of MO as an adjutant of Mtx for improved transdermal application.

Effect of nasal tolerance with rat-derived 97-116(V108A)peptide of the AChR α-subunit on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To study effect of nasal tolerance with rat-derived 97-116 peptide of AChR α-subunit(Rα97-116(V108A))on the manifestation of muscle weakness and the immunity function of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis(EAMG).Methods Twenty-two EAMG model Lewis rats immunized thrice with Rα97-116(V108A)were divided randomly into tolerance group and control group.They were respectively immunized with Rα97-116(V108A)and PBS buffer solution for 10 days via nasal mucous.Then the body weight and Lennon score of two group Lewis rats were measured.Their serum anti-AChR antibodies were tested by ELISA,the expression levels of CD28,CTLA4,B7-1 and B7-2 were determined by flow cytometry.Results Compared with control group at different time points.the body weight of tolerance group rats(tolerance group(228.1±5.8)g,control group(215.0±16.2)g,t=2.395,P＜0.05)increased,the mean clinical score of rats(tolerance group 1.55±0.44.control group 2.10±0.66,t=-2.20,P＜0.05)decreased and the amount of serum anti-AChR antibody(tolerance group 0.97±0.20,control group 1.27±0.26,t=-2.857,P＜0.05)decreased obviously.the amount of CD28,B7-1,B7-2,CTLA4(%)expressed on the surface of peripheral blood cells(tolerance group:27.35±7.05,4.73±0.58,2.71±0.35,1.72±0.44,control group:40.02±8.81,9.52±1.25,5.88±1.09,2.64±0.47)down-regulated markedly(t=3.479,10.861,8.755,4.403,all P＜0.01).Conclusion Nasal mucous tolerance with Rα97-116(V108A)could ameliorate muscular weakness of EAMG rats while activates T cell and inhibits B cellular immunity.