Comparison of results of prenatal diagnosis by different techniques for fetuses with increased nuchal translucency / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the value of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and trio-whole exome sequencing (trio-WES) for fetuses with increased nuchal translucency (NT) thickness.@*METHODS@#Sixty two pregnant women who had visited Urumqi Maternal and Child Care Health Hospital between June 2018 and June 2020 for NT ≥ 3.0 mm at 11 ~ 13+6 gestational weeks were selected as study subjects. Relevant clinical data were collected. The patients were divided into 3.0 ~ ＜3.5 mm (n = 33) and ≥3.5 mm groups (n = 29). Chromosome karyotyping analysis and chromosomal microarray analysis were carried out. And trio-WES analysis was performed on 15 samples with NT thickening but negative CMA results. The distribution and incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in the two groups were compared by using chi-square test.@*RESULTS@#The median age of the pregnant women was 29 years old (22 ~ 41 years old), the median thickness of NT was 3.4 mm (3.0 ~ 9.1 mm), and the median gestational age at the detection was 13+4 weeks (11+5 ~ 13+6 weeks). Chromosome karyotyping analysis has detected 12 cases of aneuploidies and 1 case of derivative chromosome. The detection rate was 20.97% (13/62). CMA has detected 12 cases of aneuploidies, 1 case of pathogenic CNV and 5 cases of variant of uncertain significance (VUS), with a detection rate of 29.03% (18/62). The aneuploidy rate for the NT ≥ 3.5 mm group was higher than that for the 3.0 ≤ NT < 3.5 mm group [3.03% (1/33) vs. 41.38% (12/29), χ² = 13.698, P < 0.001]. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the detection rate of fetal pathogenic CNV and VUS (χ² = 0.028, P > 0.05). Trio-WES analysis of 15 samples with negative CMA result and no structural abnormality has identified 6 heterozygous variants, including SOS1: c.3542C>T (p.A1181V) and c.3817C>G (p.L1273V), COL2A1: c.436C>T (p.P146S) and c.3700G>A (p.D1234N), LZTR1: c.1496T>C (p.V499A), and BRAF: c.64G>A (p.D22N), respectively. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), all of the variants were rated as VUS.@*CONCLUSION@#NT thickening can indicate chromosome abnormality, and CMA and trio-WES may be used for the prenatal diagnosis.

Gene-environment interactions increase the risk of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis associated with ozone pollution.

BACKGROUND: We previously reported a relationship between air pollutants and increased risk of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS). Ozone is an air pollutant that may play a role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathoetiology. CD86 is the only non-HLA gene associated with POMS for which expression on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is changed in response to ozone exposure. OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between county-level ozone and POMS, and the interactions between ozone pollution, CD86, and HLA-DRB1*15, the strongest genetic variant associated with POMS. METHODS: Cases and controls were enrolled in the Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors for Pediatric MS study of the US Network of Pediatric MS Centers. County-level-modeled ozone data were acquired from the CDC's Environmental Tracking Network. Participants were assigned ozone values based on county of residence. Values were categorized into tertiles based on healthy controls. The association between ozone tertiles and having MS was assessed by logistic regression. Interactions between tertiles of ozone level and the GG genotype of the rs928264 (G/A) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within CD86, and the presence of DRB1*15:01 (DRB1*15) on odds of POMS were evaluated. Models were adjusted for age, sex, genetic ancestry, and mother's education. Additive interaction was estimated using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and attributable proportions (APs) of disease were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 334 POMS cases and 565 controls contributed to the analyses. County-level ozone was associated with increased odds of POMS (odds ratio 2.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.69-3.59 and 1.95, 95% CI: 1.32-2.88 for the upper two tertiles, respectively, compared with the lowest tertile). There was a significant additive interaction between high ozone tertiles and presence of DRB1*15, with a RERI of 2.21 (95% CI: 0.83-3.59) and an AP of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.33-0.79). Additive interaction between high ozone tertiles and the CD86 GG genotype was present, with a RERI of 1.60 (95% CI: 0.14-3.06) and an AP of 0.37 (95% CI: 0.001-0.75) compared to the lowest ozone tertile. AP results indicated that approximately half of the POMS risk in subjects can be attributed to the possible interaction between higher county-level ozone carrying either DRB1*15 or the CD86 GG genotype. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the association between high county-level ozone and POMS, we report evidence for additive interactions between higher county-level ozone and DRB1*15 and the CD86 GG genotype. Identifying gene-environment interactions may provide mechanistic insight of biological processes at play in MS susceptibility. Our work suggests a possible role of APCs for county-level ozone-induced POMS risk.

Establishment of the Content Determination Method of Betaine in Lycium barbarum and Optimization of the Extraction Method / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish the content determination method of betaine in Lycium barbarum ，and to optimize the extraction method. METHODS ：HPLC method was used to determine the content of betaine in L. barbarum . The determination was performed on Waters Spherisorb NH 2 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.01 mol/L monopotassiun phosphate aqueous solution （75∶25，V/V）at the flow rate was 0.7 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 195 nm，and column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. Using the content of betaine as index，on the basis of single factor tests ，L（9 34）orthogonal test design were used to select the methanol volume fraction ，extraction time and solid-liquid ratio of betaine in L. barbarum by ultrasonic extraction. The contents of betaine in 10 batches L. barbarum were determined ，and compared with the results of TLC included in 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopeia . RESULTS ：The linear range of betaine was 2.035-2 035.04 μg/mL（R2＝0.999 3）. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.410 μ g/mL and 2.051 μ g/mL，respectively. The average recovery were 97.41％-98.86％（RSDs were 0.8％-1.4％，n＝3）. RSDs of precision ，reproducibility and stability （24 h）tests were not higher than 1.2％. The optimal extraction method included solid-liquid ration of 1∶30（g/mL），ultrasonic extraction with methanol for 45 min. The average content of betaine in the extract from the three validation tests was 2.30％（RSD＝0.43％，n＝3）. The contents of betaine in 10 batches L. barbarum were 1.91％ -2.55％ ，which was no significantly different from the results of TLC （1.88％-2.60％）（RE were －1.92％-2.79％）. CONCLUSIONS ：The content determination method of betaine in L. barbarum was established successfully ，and the extract ion process was optinized.

[Comprehensive therapy for infant vascular tumor associated with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the management of infant vascular tumors with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) and to evaluate the effect of drug combined with sclerotherapy. METHODS: From Feb. 2007 to Nov. 2014, 25 cases with KMP, who underwent drug therapy combined with sclerotherapy, were retrospectively studied. Oral corticosteroids (2 mg/kg per day) was used as the first-line therapy on all of the patients and intravenous vincristine (1.5 mg/m2 every week) was added when the platelet counts didn't recover obviously after 2-3 weeks. After the recovery of the platelet counts, the patients were admitted for sclerotherapy (average, 4.56 sessions per case) with 100% alcohol (1-3 ml per session), Lauromacrogol (1.25-5 ml per session) and betamethasone (0.25-1 ml per session). All the patients were followed up for 42 months ( range, 9 months to 6.5 years). Therapeutic outcomes were assessed by evaluating platelet counts, size of lesion, function of trunk and limb. RESULTS: All the 25 cases got obvious recovery in the platelet counts [average, (94.3 ± 18.5) x 10(9)/L] after drug therapy, of which 16 were treated by single oral corticosteroids for 4-7 weeks and 9 were treated by corticosteroids plus intravenous vincristine for 2-5 weeks. Meantime, 11 cases received platelet transfusions, of which 3 were coupled with gamma globulin intramuscularly. During the first admission, each of the 25 cases received 1-4 sessions of sclerotherapy (average, 2.6 sessions each case). One week after the sclerotherapy, the platelet counts returned to (167-312) x 10(9)/L (average, (258.5 ± 34.4) x 10(9)/L). The hemoglobin and blood coagulation function returned to normal within 1-5 weeks. Meanwhile the mental condition, appetite, body weight, sleeping were greatly improved. The size of the lesions decreased gradually after the combined therapy including 13 cases within 3-12 months and 13 cases within 13-36 months. Long term follow-up indicated that only 1 case need treatment for recurrent decrease of platelet counts, and all of the 25 cases kept the normal weight, height, immunity as well as the growing development. CONCLUSIONS: Oral corticosteroids plus intravenous vincristine combined with sclerotherapy is a reliable management with high cure rate, short course and minor side-effect.

[Application of embolic sclerotherapy for the treatment of painful venous malformation in limbs].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safe and effective treatment for painful venous malformation (VM) in limbs. METHOD: (1) 97 cases with painful VM underwent MRI to detect the location of VM, as well as its size and structure, its relationship with the surrounding tissue. Statistical analysis was also performed. (2) The embolic agent (ethanol) was first injected to embolize the draining vessels of VM, then the Polidocanol plus Methotrexate (MTX) was followed to keep the embolization effect on VM. The therapeutic effect was observed and analyzed. RESULTS: From January 2010 to January 2012, 97 patients with painful VM were treated. A Spearman correlation analysis showed no significant correlation between symptoms of pain and lesion growth, volume, or MRI grades (P > 0.05). The lesions in the muscle space are more likely to have the symptoms of pain (P < 0.01), followed by the lesions in the muscle, then the lesions in the joint and subcutaneous tissue. The pain relieve percentage was 95.9% (93/97) after one time embolic sclerotherapy. No severe complication, such as distant embolization, nerve damage, or muscle atrophy happened. No pain reoccurrence happened after 0.5-1.5 years of follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of embolic scleratherapy is minimal invasive, safe and effective for painful VM with stable results.

The effects of continuous positive airway pressure ventilation on hypersensitive C reaction protein and 8-isoprostane in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome / 中华内科杂志

Objective To observe the effect of continuous positive airway pressure ventilation on hypersensitive C reaction protein (hsCRP) and 8-isoprostane in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods A total of 78 OSAHS patients were enrolled and monitored by polysomnography (PSG) in January to March,2013.Another 40 healthy persons were chosen as controls during the same time.According to apnea hypopnea index(AHI) and oxygen saturation,the patients were divided into mild,moderate and severe groups.Blood and urinary 8-isoprostane and hsCRP levels were detected before and after monitoring.After continuous positive airway pressure treatment for three months,blood and urinary 8-isoprostane and hsCRP were also detected in three groups.Results (1) In OSAHS patients,blood 8-isoprostane levels before and after sleep monitoring were (273.80 ± 55.83)ng/L and (337.18 ± 56.28) ng/L urinary 8-isoprostane (35.65 ± 7.08) ng/L and (48.30 ± 14.17) ng/L,hsCRP (7.63 ± 6.10) μg/L and (9.68 ± 8.55) μg/L,respectively.Each parameter reached a significant difference before and after sleep(P ＜ 0.05).(2) The levels of blood CRP and urinary 8-isoprostane in the control group before sleep were (4.56 ± 2.43) μg/L,(264.14 ± 33.61) ng/L,(32.77 ± 9.61) ng/L,after sleep were (4.33 ± 2.08) μg/L,(284.27 ± 47.51) ng/L,(31.13 ± 8.24) ng/L.All the levels were less than those of OSAHS group (P ＜ 0.05).(3) The levels of blood 8-isoprostane in mild,moderate and severe groups after monitoring were (308.16 ± 53.48) ng/L,(327.36 ± 59.05) ng/L,(340.39 ± 55.31) ng/Lrespectively,and urinary 8-isoprostane were (35.23 ± 11.28) ng/L,(38.30 ± 10.89) ng/L,(44.57 ±12.69) ng/L,hsCRP were (5.63 ± 4.26) μg/L,(6.96 ± 4.43) μg/L,(8.92 ± 7.84) μg/L.None of these three parameters showed significant difference between the three groups (P ＞ 0.05).However,compared with the control group,blood and urine 8-isoprostane and hsCRP levels of any groups had significant differences(all P values ＜ 0.05).(3) There was no significant difference in the levels of hsCRP and 8-isoprostane after sleep between the three groups in OSAHS (P ＞ 0.05).(4) Urinary 8-isoprostane level after PSG was positively correlated with hsCRP (r =0.498,P ＜0.01).Either 8-isoprostane or hsCRP level was correlated with AHI (r =0.479,r =0.550;P ＜ 0.01).8-isoprostane and hsCRP levels were positively correlated with time of blood hemoglobin oxygen saturation below 90％ (r =0.413,r =0.502;P ＜ 0.01).(5) After continuous positive airway pressure treatment,the levels of 8-isoprostane and hsCRP both in blood or urine were decreased in the three groups of OSAHS patients (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Long term intermittent hypoxia in patients with OSAHS results in enhanced oxidative stress reaction and over-generated inflammatory mediators.There is a positive correlation between oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators,which promotes each other,leading to the organ dysfunction induced by hypoxia.

[Effects of propranolol on proliferation of hemangioma-derived mesenchymal stem cells ].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the new mechanism of propranolol for treatment of hemangioma and the effects of propranolol on proliferation of hemangioma-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( Hem- MSCs). METHODS: We isolated Hem-MSCs from hemangioma in the proliferating phase by their selective adhesion to plastic culture dishes. Immunofluorescence staining was used to examine the expression of marker antigens in Hem-MSCs. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) were used as control. Indiuction of multi-lineage differentiation including osteogenesis and adipogeneis was performed with appropriate medium to identify the multi-lineage differentiation potential. MTT cell counting was used to observe the effects of different concentrations of propranolol on proliferation of Hem-MSCs. RESULTS: Hem- MSCs were fibroblast-like morphology. All of them expressed vimentin, most expressed α-SMA,CD133, some expressed Glutl, and none of them expressed VEGF. Osteogenic, adipogenic differentiations of Hem- MSCs were induced successfully. Effects of low concentration of propranolol on proliferation of Hem-MSCs were not obvious, while high concentration of propranolol can inhibit the proliferation of Hem-MSCs. CONCLUSIONS: The cells we isolated from hemangioma are Hem-MSCs. High concentration of propranolol can inhibit the proliferation of Hem-MSCs.

Standardized patients training, management and practice in OSCE and clinical education / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Standardized patient(SP) is the core element of medical student evaluation system and completes the contents and tasks of objective structured clinical skills examination(OSCE).Its training level directly affects the accuracy and science of the evaluation system.By training and management,SP can be applied in interrogation,physical and other exams for undergraduate,graduate,continuing education students.It has been recognized apparently that the application of SP meets the target of cultivating innovative medical talents and plays a key role in practice evaluation and appraisal system.SP is the useful supplement for the cmrent clinical teaching methods and means.

Expression of WT1 gene in acute leukemia and its clinical significance / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To investigate the expression level and clinical significance of WT1 gene in acute luekemia (AL) patients.Methods WT1 gene level was detected by real time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) patients.Then the expression levels of WT1 gene in different subtypes of AML were compared,and the correlation between gene expression and disease courses and prognosis were observed.Moreover,the relationship between disease courses and WT1 expression in patiens after receiving haemopoietic stem cell transplantation were analyzed.Results Among 66 cases,WT1 expression positive rate was 87.5 ％ (14/16) in AML and 76.0 ％ (38/50) in ALL.In AML,the expression level in M3 showed the lowest than that in any other subtypes (compared with M1,M2,M4,M5,P value was 0.040,0.007,0.006 and 0.01,respectively).The expression level of WT1 was closely correlated with leukemia disease courses.The expression level in complete remission (CR) group showed a significant lower expression level than that in non-remission group (P =0.018) and relapse group (P =0.003),and the re-increase of WT1 expression level could predict relapse as early as 1.5 months.Moreover,WT1 expression also showed an close relationship with prognosis of patients receiving haemopoietic stem cell transplantation.Patients whose WT1 was undetectable had a better prognosis than those with persistent expression,and increase again after becoming undetectable.Conclusion WT1 has a high expression level in AL,which can represent minimal residual disease.The expression level in M3 was lowest than that in different AML subtypes,and its expression level has a close correlation with clinical disease course and prognosis of AL.

Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation using a low toxicity conditioning regimen with fludarabine and busulfan for 13 patients with hematological malignancies / 白血病·淋巴瘤

[Objective]To discuss the clinical effect of fludarabine and busulfan (Bu+Flu) as a low toxicity myeloablative conditioning regimen for allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT)in leukemia patients.[Methods]Clinical data of 13 patients with hematological malignancies receiving conditioning regimen with Bu+Flu for allo-HSCT were analyzed retrospectively.Conditioning regimen was Bu+Flu,compalriot mismatched and unrelated transplantation combined with rabbit anti-human thymocytes immune globulin (ATG).CsA+short course of methotrexate or CsA + mycophenolate mofetil were used to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).DNA sequencing of short tandem repeat (STR)polymorphism analysis method was performed for identification of donor stem cells implantation.[Results]13 patients all tolerated with this conditioning regimen well,no serious complications occurred.Neutrophil engraftment was at 9-15 days (median 11 days),platelet engraftment at 8-25 days (median 13 days).10 patients achieved hematopoiesis reconstitution with their full donor chimerisms confirmed by STR-DNA analysis.Acute GVHD occurred in 5 cases,accounting for 38.5％.Chronic GVHD occurred in 4 cases of 10 patients could be assessed,accounting for 40.0％.Severe GVHD more than Ⅱ degree did not happen.1-39 months (median time 11 months)of follow-up revealed the overall survival rate of 76.9％(10/13),disease-free survival of 61.5％ (8/13).The causes for death were relapse in all.[Conclusion]The conditioning regimen with Bu+Flu has low toxicity,well tolerance and better effect.

Preliminary application of problem-based learning (PBL) pedagogy in the teaching of dysfunctional uterine bleeding / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To preliminarily investigate the effect of PBL applied in teaching of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Methods Ninety eight students were randomly divided into PBL pedagogy group and traditional pedagogy group in clinical practice teaching of dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Exam scores were assessed and opinion survey was summarized. Results The exam score was 80.7 ± 5.6 of PBL pedagogy group and 76.3 ± 4.9 of the other group respectively. There was significant difference between the scores of the two groups (P <0.05). Most students consider that PBL pedagogy was of benefit to students' ability. Conclusion PBL pedagogy has more advantages in training of clinical thinking than traditional teaching method.

Research progress in feeder layers of human embryonic stem cells / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Human embryonic stem cell (hES cells) lines can be derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of preimplantation blastocysts.hES cells are commonly defined as undifferentiated pluripotent cells that can proliferate and have the capacity of both self-renewal and differentiation into one or more types of specialized cells.hES cells remain undifferentiated when culture on feeder layers,such as murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs).It is believed that various factors secreted from feeder layers are necessary to prevent hES cell from differentiation.In this review,we will summarize the advantages and disadvantages of various types of feeder cells by which a reference for future research will be provided.

Clinical and polysomnographic characteristics in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical and pdysomnographic characteristics and related factors of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in elderly patients. Methods The 163 elderly patients with OSAHS confirmed by polysomnography were classified into obesity group and non-obesity group according to body mass index (BMI). All cases were grouped into mild,moderate and severe groups according to the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and night SaO2. The 190non-elderly OSAHS patients were as control group at the same time. The clinical and polysomnographic characteristics were recorded and analyzed. Results (1)The proportion of obesity in OSAHS patients was 79. 1%, there was significant difference between the elderly-obesity group and non-elderly-obesity group (70.3% vs. 83.6%, P＜0.05). (2)The proportions of moderate and severe OSAHS patients were lower in elderly group than in non-elderly group. There were significant differences in AHI, the lowest arterial O2 saturation (LSaO2) and % TRT SaO2 ＜90% between the two groups (all P＜0.05). (3)The sleep architecture disturbance was significantly severer in elderly group than in non-elderly group. The percentages of non-rapid eye movementsleep (NREM sleep)stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ sleep were significantly decreased, and the arousal was significantly increased. (4) The syndrome of OSAHS in elderly group was untypical and the clinical complication was increased.Conclusions The elderly OSAHS patients are less severe than non-elderly group, but the elderly patients have worse sleep architecture disturbance and more complications such as hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.

Clinical study on MEAD regimens for relapsed or refractory adult patients with acute lymphocyte leukemia / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To study the clinic effect and safety of MEAD chemotherapy regimen for adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphocyte leukemia. Methods Between July 2006 and July 2009,twenty-two adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphocyte leukemia received MEAD regimen (mitoxantrone 6 mg/d dl-3 iv drip,cytarabine 100 mg/d dl-5 iv drip,etoposide 100 mg/d dl-5 iv drip,dexmethasone 10 mg/d dl-8 iv drip). Results The complete remission (CR) rate of adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphocyte leukemia was 31.8 %,the partial remission(PR) rate was 22.7 % and the overall response (OR) rate 54.5 %. The cumulitive CR rate was 50.0 %,and the PR rate 40.9 % after two times MEAD chemotherapy regimen. The main adverse effect was different level of myelosuppression,and other toxicity of vital organ was mild. Conclusion MEAD regimen is effective and can be tolerated for adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphocyte leukemia,and its side effect is mild.

Progress in the reseach on seed cell source in skeletal muscle tissue engineering / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Different cells could be utilized as seed cells in the construction of tissue-engineered skelet al muscle, which include satellite stem cells, myohlasts, embryonic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells includ-ing bone marrow-derived stem cells, amniotic fluid-derived stem cells, and adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Seed cells from different origins are capable of trans-differentiating into myogenic cells or fusing with myogenic cells, expressing the surface antigen of sarcogenic cells, and participating in the regeneration of muscle fiber, both in vivo and ex vivo. This review gives a summarization of the recent progress in the research on seed cell source in skelet al muscle tissue engineering.

Differences between Noggin and basic fibroblast growth factor in differentiation of amniotic fluid derived stem cells into nerve cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The establishment of amniotic fluid derived stem cells (AFS) can provide an individual reserve for cell therapy in nerve degenerative diseases.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Noggin and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on AFS differentiation into neural cells.METHODS: Samples of amniotic fluid were obtained through amniocentesis by ultrasound from gestational age of 16-22 weeks for routine prenatal diagnosis. AFS were obtained from the 2~(nd) trimester amniotic fluid samples by immunomagnetic beads selection using CD117 antibody, and identified the surface antigen expression by flow cytometry after amplification. The 3~(rd) generation of AFS with good growth state were induced to differentiate into nerve cells, which were divided into the blank control,based-induced, Noggin-induced and bFGF-induced groups. The induced cell morphology was observed under inverted phase contrast microscopy, and the expression of nestin, β-Ⅲ tubulin and neurofilament in the induced cells was measured by using cell immunofluorescence detection.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Flow cytometry analysis indicated that most of AFS cells expressed CD44 and HLA-ABC, but negative for CD45 and HLA-DR. At 2 weeks after induction, the cell morphology exhibited significant changes with increased Nestin,β-Ⅲ tubulin and NF-positive rates in the bFGF-induced group. However, it had no significant difference in the Noggin-induced group and the based-induced group. It revealed that bFGF plays a vital role in the AFS differentiated into nerve cells.

Construction and characterization of hGM-CSF-expressing K-562 cell line / 药物分析学报

Objective The whole process of vaccine preparation is time-consuming and technically challenging. Here the hGM-CSF-engineered K-562 cell line was constructed to simplify tumor vaccine preparation process. Methods The eukaryocyte expressing plasmid pcDNA3.1/GM-CSF was first constructed and its accuracy was verified through sequencing. The pcDNA3.1/GM-CSF was transfected into COS-7 cells to verify GM-CSF expression and cytokine activity using TF-1 cell line. Then the plasmid was transfected into K-562 cell line using liposome method, and was selected under G-418 and sub-cloned by limiting dilution. GM-CSF product from the monoclone GM-CSF-K-562 cell lines was quantified using ELISA method. Results We successfully constructed the hGM-CSF eukaryocyte expressing plasmid and hGM-CSF expressing K-562 cell line. Conclusion The construction of K-562/GM-CSF line will simplify the preparation of tumor vaccine, thus facilitating the application of tumor vaccination therapy in clinical application.

Risk Factors of Pneumonia Concurrent Sepsis in Elderly Patients / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the value of blood lactic acid in elder pneumonia patients and indicate its relation with the classification of peverity of patients.METHODS Seventy-five elder patients with pneumonia and 50 younger patients were divided into sepsis group and no sepsis group.The sepsis group was divided into MODS and non-MODS sub groups.The level of blood lactic acid,CRP and PaO2 in them were measured.RESULTS The incidence of sepsis was remarkably higher in the elder pneumonia patients group than in the younger one.There was a significent difference of the blood lactic acid between them((1.74?0.33)mmol/L vs(1.35?0.66)mmol/L,P