Mechanistic insights of magnolol antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma using untargeted metabolomic analyses.

The unreasonable use of antibiotics is one of the important causes of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that poses a huge public health threat. Magnolol is a traditional Chinese medicine exhibiting antibacterial-, antifungal-, anti-inflammatory-, and antioxidant activities. However, it is unclear whether magnolol has an inhibitory effect on mycoplasma. This study found that magnolol showed excellent inhibitory activity against various mycoplasmas. Magnolol showed dose-dependent inhibition of Mycoplasma synoviae growth and biofilm formation in vitro. Magnolol caused severely sunken and wrinkled M. synoviae cell membranes at the minimum inhibitory concentration, and an enlarged cell diameter. The chicken embryo infection model showed that magnolol significantly reduced M. synoviae pathogenicity in vivo. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the citrate cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism were significantly disturbed at the minimum inhibitory concentration of magnolol. Interestingly, 41% of differential metabolites were in the categories of lipids and lipid-like molecules. Protegenin A was up-regulated 58752-fold after magnolol treatment. It belongs to fatty acyls, and destroys cell membrane integrity and cell activity. Ghosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and phosphatidylserine related to membrane maintenance and stress response were widely down-regulated. Collectively, our results illustrate the feasibility of magnolol as a phytochemical compound to treat mycoplasma infection.

Relationship between social support and caregiver's burden among caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the relationship between the caregiver's burden and social support for caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Method The investigation was conducted among a total of 150 caregivers for hemodialysis patients using social support scaleand Zarit caregiver burden interview. Results The total scores on caregiver's burden and social support were18.00 (12.00,20.00) and 31.85±6.69, respectively. The caregiver's care burden was significantly and negatively related to social support in the patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, the utilization of social support utilization were significantly and negatively related to personal burden and caregiver's burden, and the social support was significantly and negatively related to caregiver's burden(P<0.05). Conclusions Caregivers with more social support report less caregiver's burden.Social support system should be developed to reduce caregiver's burden and take care of patients efficiently.

Psychological Distress and Health-related Quality of Life in Relocated and Nonrelocated Older Survivors after the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake

PURPOSE: The purposes of the study were to examine psychological distress and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in relocated and nonrelocated survivors aged 60 years and older, and to analyze predictors for psychological distress and HRQoL in older survivors 5 years after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with 112 relocated older survivors and 156 nonrelocated older survivors. Our study used a multistage sampling method. The measurements used in the study included self-reporting questionnaire-20, medical outcomes study 36-item short form health survey, and an instrument measuring demographic and disaster-related characteristics. Descriptive and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to determine factors that contributed to psychological distress and HRQoL. RESULTS: The prevalence of psychological distress in relocated group (20.5%) was significantly higher compared to those in nonrelocated group (4.8%). Scores for HRQoL in relocated older survivors was significantly lower than those in nonrelocated older survivors. Relocation from preearthquake residence was the most significant predictor for psychological distress and HRQoL in the total sample. Other predictors were advanced age, lower educational level, the loss of family members during the earthquake, and the presence of chronic illnesses as well as the death of a spouse after the earthquake. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies can be designed in postdisaster recovery program, particularly for older survivors at high risk for psychological distress and poor HRQoL.