ABSTRACT
Immunotherapy using immune-checkpoint inhibitors is revolutionizing oncotherapy. However, the application of immunotherapy may be restricted because of the lack of proper biomarkers in a portion of cancer patients. Recently, emerging evidence has revealed that gut commensal bacteria can impact the therapeutic efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in several cancer models. In addition, testing the composition of gut bacteria provides context for prediction of the efficacy and toxicity of immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the impacts of gut commensal bacteria on the tumoral immune milieu, highlighting some typical bacteria and their associations with immunotherapy.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Physiological Phenomena , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology , Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Immunotherapy , Neoplasms/immunology , Neoplasms/therapy , Animals , Bacteria , Biomarkers , Feces/microbiology , Humans , Immunity , SymbiosisABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect of field long march comprehensive training on freshmen' mental quality and mental health in military university. Methods Mental quality questionnaire for army men (MQQA), symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and trait anxiety inventory (TAI) were carried out on 330 freshmen at various stages on their military training. All data were analyzed by paired-sample t test. Results ①As compared with pre-training, all SCL-90 factor scores except depression factor decreased significantly (P0.05). Conclusion Filed long march effectively improved mental health of military university recruits and relived their anxiety as well as depression.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the mental quality developmental characteristics of cadets majored in military science and technology.Methods Mental Quality Questionnaire for army men (MQQA) and Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90) were employed to evaluate 1771 cadets majored in science and technology,comparing mental quality differences related to gender,age,length of military service,grade and education level,etc.Results ① MQQA scores of cadets for aptitude (68.67±9.45),loyalty(75.98±8.97),bravery (68.46±9.12),self-confidence (65.72±6.61),willpower(67.7±8.33) and total score(345.90±37.79) were significantly higher than those of the army norm and the young army norm(P＜0.01).②There was significant age difference (P＜0.01) in MQQA scores.And the total score gradually increased with age.③There was significant length of military service difference (P＜ 0.01),and the total score decreased at the beginning 3 years and then increased later.④There was significant grade difference (P＜0.01) in MQQA scores.The scores of Grade One were significantly lower than those of Grade Two and Grade Four,but higher than those of Grade Three(P＜0.01) ; the scores of Grade Three were significantly lower than those of Grade Two and Grade Four(P＜0.01).⑤ There was significant education level difference (P＜ 0.01),and the scores of junior college students were significantly higher than those of undergraduates,graduate students and training students (P＜0.01) ; loyalty score of undergraduates was significantly higher than that of graduate students (P＜0.05) ; willpower score of graduate students was significantly lower than that of undergraduates and post-work training students (P＜0.05).Conclusion Cadets majored in science and technology have good mental quality,which is significantly influenced by age,length of military service,grade and level of education.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effectiveness and safety of temporary immunosuppressant withdrawal for the management of severe infection after liver transplantation.Methods Fifty-one patients with severe infection after liver transplantation were divided into control group (24 cases) and withdrawal group (27 cases ) according to the immunosuppression protocol.In the withdrawal group, the immunosuppressive drugs were temporarily suspended according to ATP values of CD4 + T cell and CD4 + T lymphocyte subsets counting until infection was controlled.The liver function,the incidence of acute rejection and the graft survival rate were monitored during the process.The side effects were observed.Result Severe infection was cured in 39 patients.There were 9 deaths in the control group in which the immunosuppressant was continued during the course of infection and 3 in the withdrawal group,respectively.The median suspension of immunosuppressant in trial group was ( 15.5 ± 4.8 ) d ( 6 ～ 22 d) ; CD4 + T lymphocyte subsets counting rose from (65.60 ± 32.58)/μl to (103.04 ± 12.39)/μl,ATP values of CD4 + T cell rose from (79 ±23) μg/L to ( 112 ± 11 ) μg/L; meanwhile,the temperature dropped from (38.3 ± 1.2) ℃ to (36.4 ± 1.1) ℃,WBC dropped from (15.7 ± 4.4) × 109/L to (6.3 ± 3.8) × 109/L,CRP dropped from ( 153.4 ± 37.1 ) mg/L to ( 16.5 ± 4.8) mg/L.During the course of treatment and follow-up,liver function of patients in the trial group remained normal and no acute rejection occurred.Compared with the control group,the temperature recovery time in the trial group was shorter ( respectively F =5.32,8.37,9.12,all P ＜ 0.05) and the therapeutic outcome was better.Conclusions The cellular immune function test could be evaluated according to the ATP values of CD4 + T cell and CD4 + T lymphocyte subsets counting.For severe infection after liver transplantation, anti-infection treatment and simultaneously withdrawing immunosuppressants help to control the infection.
