ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of Danhong injection on the expression of nephrin podocin protein and gene in the kidney of membranous nephropathy rats.Methods A total of 34 male clean level SD rats were divided at random into the normal control group (8 rats),model group (26 rates).The model group were injected the C-BSA into caudal vein to establish the model of the membranous nephropathy.After four week of succession of the models,two model rats were taken to confirm the success of the model.Another 24 models divided at random into model group,Losartan potassium treatment group and Danhong injection treatment group,8 in each group.In the losartan group,the losartan 40 mg/kg was administered,and the Danhong group was injected with 4 ml/kg of Danhong injection in the tail vein for 4 weeks.The rat urine was collected after the last administration,and 24 h urine protein was determined by spectrophotometer.The serum total protein,albumin,TC and TG levels were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer.The renal pathological changes were observed by HE staining.The expressions of nephrin,podocin and WT1 labeled podocytes were detected by immunohistochemical staining.The expressions of nephrin and podocin in renal tissue were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot,and the results were correlated.Results Compared with the model group,the content of serum albumin increased in the Danhong group (P＜0.01),24 h urine protein quantitation,TC,TG significantly decreased (P＜0.01).The expression of nephrin protein (1.12 ± 0.03 vs.0.57 ± 0.09),podocin protein (0.99 ± 0.04 vs.0.53 ± 0.08),nephrin mRNA (0.49 ± 0.08 vs.0.14 ± 0.02),podocin mRNA (0.50 ± 0.11 vs.1.18 ± 0.05) in Danhong group significantly increased (P＜0.01),and the number of podocytes labeled with WT1 (14.88％ ± 1.73％ vs.9.63％ ± 1.69％) significantly increased (P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that 24 h urine protein quantitation and expression of nephrin protein (r=-0.908),podocin protein (r=-0.916),nephrin mRNA (r=-0.930),podocin mRNA (r=-0.923).There was a negative correlation between serum albumin (r=-0.934) and podocyte count (r=-0.778) (P＜0.01),and positive correlation with TC (r=0.814) and TG (r=0.870) (P＜0.01).Conclusions The Danhong injection may reduce the urine protein of membranous nephropathy rats by up-regulating the expression of nephrin,podocin mRNA and protein in renal cells of membranous nephropathy.
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Objective The present study is to investigate the distribution of endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) rats.Methods Thirty-two SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized (random number) into sham operation group,SAP rat 3 h group (SAP 3 h),SAP rat 6 hgroup (SAP6h),SAP rat 12 hgroup (SAP 12 h),n=8 in each group.The SAPmodel rats were induced by retrograde cholangiopancreatic infusion of 5％ sodium taurocholate.Rats were sacrified 3 h,6 h or 12 h after treatment.,then we collected pancrease,liver,lung,kidney and serum.The SO2 concentration in each tissue or serum was detected by enzyme-linked immune sorbentassay.Results The concentration of SO2 in tissues of pancreas (1.72 ± 0.14) μmol/g,liver (1.62 ± 0.11) μmol/g,lung (1.65 ± 0.11) μ.mol/g,kidney (1.12 ± 0.06) μmol/g or serum (16.80 ± 1.27) μmol/g in SAP 3 h rats was not significant compared with the sham operation group (P ＞ 0.05 in each group).The SO2 content in the pancreas (1.89 ± 0.17) μmol/g,liver (1.92 ± 0.16) μmol/g,lung (1.91 ± 0.15) μmol/g,kidney (1.30 ± 0.10) μmol /g and serum (14.93 ± 1.00) μmol /g of SAP 6 h was significantly increased compared with sham operation group (P ＜ 0.05 each group).The content SO2 in the pancreas (2.31 ± 0.23) μmol /g,liver (2.22 ± 0.15) μmol /g,lung (2.17 ± 0.07)μmol /g,kidney (1.55 ± 0.15) μmol /gand serum (18.88 ± 1.56) μmol /g of SAP rats reached the peak 12Hafter treatment and was significantly higher compared with the sham operation group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The increase of SO2 concentration in SAP might be,at least in our present opinion,involved into the pathogenesis of SAP rats.
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Glycogen synthase kinase-3β( GSK-3β) is a serine-threonine kinase,which was originally identified as a key regula-tor of glycogen metabolism. In nervous system, GSK-3β partici-pates in many central and peripheral nervous system physiological processes through transcription,cell proliferation and differentia-tion. The abnormal activity of GSK-3βinduces downstream signa-ling molecules and gene expression abnormalities,which are in-volved in some neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder,Alzheimer's disease,and pain. In recent years, lots of basic and clinic researches focus on GSK-3β,which might gradually become critical theraptic target of many diseases. The article mainly reviews the mechanisms involved in abnormal acti-vation of GSK-3β related neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Objective To investigate the influence of renal function on serum BNP in the diagnosis of CRF with heart failure by observing the relationship between eGFR and BNP in serum and comparing cut-off values of BNP in different eGFR levels. Methods The elderly participants were enrolled in the study, including 52 patients with heart failure, and 29 patients without heart failure and 30 healthy controls. Serum BNP level was measured by ELISA.Results The level of serum BNP increased significantly in subjects with heart failure compared with those with renal dysfunction for no-heart failure patients (P ＜ 0.05) and healthy controls. BNP level was significantly higher in CRF no-heart failure patients than in control subjects. eGFR showed negative correlation with BNP in ESRD no-heart failure patients (γ= -0. 581, P ＜ 0.01). There was no correlation between eGFR and ESRD with heart failure patients (γ= - 0.081, P ＞ 0.05). The AUC of BNP in patients (eGFR 30 ～ 60 ml) was 0. 951, when cut-off value was 1 500 ng/L,the sensitivity and specificity of BNP were 96.4% and 86. 7% respectively. The AUC of BNP in patients(eGFR ＜30 ml)was 0. 860, when cut-off value was 1 850 ng/L,the sensitivity and specificity of B NP were 66.7% and 92.9%respectively. Conclusions Heart failure was major factor result in higher levels of BNP in chronic renal failure with heart failure patients. BNP could be used as a diagnostic marker for CRF with heart failure patients.
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In order to study bladder intravesical instillation methods in pure line LEW rats and nude mice, female LEW rats and nude mice aged 2 to 4 weeks were sacrificed. Their urethra and bladder were observed under anatomical microscopy. A trochar was prepared according to the outline and angle of the urethra. Ink was poured into female rats and nude mice bladder though urethra. Filling and staining of bladder were observed and evaluated under anatomical microscopy. Status and urethral injury of rats and mice were observed. The results showed that urethra anatomic structure of rats and nude mice was different from that of human urethra. When bladder was filled with ink and became blue, liquid was not seen to leak out. The success rate of intubation was high (100%). Living activities of animals weren't influenced by intravesical instillation. It was concluded that bladder irrigation might be a kind of valid and utilizable method in pure line rat and nude mouse empirical study. The model may be a more effective tool for study of bladder tumor.
ABSTRACT
In order to study bladder intravesical instillation methods in pure line LEW rats and nude mice, female LEW rats and nude mice aged 2 to 4 weeks were sacrificed. Their urethra and bladder were observed under anatomical microscopy. A trochar was prepared according to the outline and angle of the urethra. Ink was poured into female rats and nude mice bladder though urethra. Filling and staining of bladder were observed and evaluated under anatomical microscopy. Status and urethral injury of rats and mice were observed. The results showed that urethra anatomic structure of rats and nude mice was different from that of human urethra. When bladder was filled with ink and became blue, liquid was not seen to leak out. The success rate of intubation was high (100%). Living activities of animals weren't influenced by intravesical instillation. It was concluded that bladder irrigation might be a kind of valid and utilizable method in pure line rat and nude mouse empirical study. The model may be a more effective tool for study of bladder tumor.
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The article introduces the network resource in urology surgery both at home and abroad and analyses the existing problems in carrying out online teaching uronology and puts forward some countermeasures.
