ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and diameter, stiffness, and wave reflections, are independent and important clinical biomarkers and risk predictors for cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the present study was to establish nationwide reference values of carotid properties for healthy Chinese adults and to explore potential clinical determinants. METHODS: A total of 3053 healthy Han Chinese adults (1922 women) aged 18-79 years were enrolled at 28 collaborating tertiary centers throughout China between April 2021 and July 2022. The real-time tracking of common carotid artery walls was achieved by the radio frequency (RF) ultrasound system. The IMT, diameter, compliance coefficient, ß stiffness, local pulse wave velocity (PWV), local systolic blood pressure, augmented pressure (AP), and augmentation index (AIx) were then automatically measured and reported. Data were stratified by age groups and sex. The relationships between age and carotid property parameters were analyzed by Jonckheere-Terpstra test and simple linear regressions. The major clinical determinants of carotid properties were identified by Pearson's correlation, multiple linear regression, and analyses of covariance. RESULTS: All the parameters of carotid properties demonstrated significantly age-related trajectories. Women showed thinner IMT, smaller carotid diameter, larger AP, and AIx than men. The ß stiffness and PWV were significantly higher in men than women before forties, but the differences reversed after that. The increase rate of carotid IMT (5.5 µm/year in women and 5.8 µm/year in men) and diameter (0.03 mm/year in both men and women) were similar between men and women. For the stiffness and wave reflections, women showed significantly larger age-related variations than men as demonstrated by steeper regression slopes (all P for age by sex interaction <0.05). The blood pressures, body mass index (BMI), and triglyceride levels were identified as major clinical determinants of carotid properties with adjustment of age and sex. CONCLUSIONS: The age- and sex-specific reference values of carotid properties measured by RF ultrasound for healthy Chinese adults were established. The blood pressures, BMI, and triglyceride levels should be considered for clinical application of corresponding reference values.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Primary mediastinal leiomyosarcomas are extremely rare. We report a case of leiomyosarcoma around the thoracic and abdominal aorta, mimicking an aortic hematoma, and discuss the diagnostic value of ultrasound. CASE SUMMARY: A 63-year-old female was hospitalized for abdominal pain. Initial computed tomography angiography revealed an enhanced mass around the lower thoracic and upper abdominal aorta. Aortic hematoma was strongly suspected, and stents were placed by interventional surgery. About 1 mo postoperatively, the patient was re-hospitalized because of progressive abdominal pain. Ultrasound showed that the mass had a heterogeneous echo. In contrast-enhanced ultrasound, the hyperechoic regions were filled with contrast medium after the aortic region was, indicating that the blood supply was abundant but had no direct connection with the aorta. There was no obvious contrast medium-filling in the hypoechoic area. These findings were similar to those of malignant tumors with liquefaction and necrosis. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography confirmed that the mass had a high metabolic signal similar to that of a malignant tumor. Leiomyosarcoma was confirmed by postoperative pathology. CONCLUSION: Symptoms of mediastinal leiomyosarcoma surrounding the aorta may mimic aortic hematoma. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can provide valuable and unique diagnostic clues.
ABSTRACT
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor, VEGFR2, serve a critical role in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, which are involved in the initiation and progression of malignancies. Specific single nucleotide polymorphisms of VEGF and VEGFR2 have been shown to modulate gene expression and influence malignancy aggressiveness. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the VEGFR2 rs2071559 (T/C) polymorphism is associated with the risk of developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and the aggressiveness of NPC in a southern Chinese population. A case-control study comprising 171 NPC patients and 184 healthy individuals was performed. Genotyping of the rs2071559 polymorphism was performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan probes. Genotype and allele distribution of the rs2071559 polymorphism was not associated with the risk of NPC following adjustment for age, sex and ethnicity by multivariate logistic regression analyses. Regional lymph node metastasis was significantly correlated with the rs2071559 C allele and the related genotypes (OR 0.402, 95% CI 0.193-0.835, P=0.016; and OR 0.347, 95% CI 0.145-0.829, P=0.024, respectively). No correlations between genotype or allele distribution and the primary tumor size, distant metastasis, clinical stage, or histological type were observed. The rs2071559 polymorphism was shown to have an association with lymphatic metastasis in patients with NPC; however, the precise molecular mechanism should be elucidated in additional studies.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to reveal the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS: A literature review was conducted (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase) to identify papers about VEGF SNPs and DR published up to 23 September 2015. The VEGF gene SNPs analyzed with regard to DR susceptibility were rs2010963 (G > C), rs833061 (T > C), rs699947 (C > A), rs3025039 (C > T) and rs1570360 (G > A). Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, and meta-analyses were performed using fixed or random effects models. RESULTS: Sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Significant associations between the rs3025039 (C > T) polymorphism and increased DR risk were found in the allele model (T/C; pooled OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.07-2.41, P = 0.02), homozygote model (TT/CC; pooled OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.29-3.35, P = 0.003), heterozygote model (TC/CC; pooled OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.04-2.72, P = 0.04), dominant model (TT+TC/CC; pooled OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.06-2.80, P = 0.03), and recessive model (TT/TC+CC; pooled OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.12-2.90, P = 0.02). For rs833061, a significant association between VEGF SNPs and DR was found only in the allele model (C/T; pooled OR 6.34, 95% CI 2.10-19.14, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The rs3025039 and rs833061 SNPs are most likely associated with an increased risk of DR. The T allele in rs3025039 and the C allele in rs833061 are associated with increased DR susceptibility.
