ABSTRACT
The plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID) technique was used to implant zinc (Zn) ions into smooth surfaces of pure titanium (Ti) disks for investigation of tooth implant surface modification. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the surface structure and chemical composition of a modified Ti surface following Zn ion implantation and deposition and to examine the effect of such modification on osteoblast biocompatibility. Using the PIIID technique, Zn ions were deposited onto the smooth surface of pure Ti disks. The physical structure and chemical composition of the modified surface layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. In vitro culture assays using the MG63 bone cell line were performed to determine the effects of Znmodified Ti surfaces following PIIID on cellular function. Acridine orange staining was used to detect cell attachment to the surfaces and cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry. SEM revealed a rough 'honeycomb' structure on the Znmodified Ti surfaces following PIIID processing and XPS data indicated that Zn and oxygen concentrations in the modified Ti surfaces increased with PIIID processing time. SEM also revealed significantly greater MG63 cell growth on Znmodified Ti surfaces than on pure Ti surfaces (P<0.05). Flow cytometric analysis revealed increasing percentages of MG63 cells in S phase with increasing Zn implantation and deposition, suggesting that MG63 apoptosis was inhibited and MG63 proliferation was promoted on ZnPIIIDTi surfaces. The present results suggest that modification with ZnPIIID may be used to improve the osteoblast biocompatibility of Ti implant surfaces.
