Determination of 10 mycotoxins in wine, baijiu, and huangjiu of the Chinese market by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and exposure estimation.

In this study, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to analyze the prevalence of 10 mycotoxins in 140 samples from the Chinese market, aiming to assess the exposure of Chinese individuals to these mycotoxins through the consumption of wine, baijiu, and huangjiu. Mycotoxins were detected in 98% of the samples, with fumonisins (FBs), deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEN) exhibiting positive rates exceeding 50%. Regarding the exposure of the Chinese population to mycotoxins resulting from alcoholic beverage consumption, fruit wine intake made a relatively significant contribution to aflatoxin exposure, while baijiu showed a relatively significant contribution to ZEN exposure (1.84%). The analysis of the correlation between grape variety, wine region, and mycotoxin content demonstrated that FBs, ZEN, and DON were significantly influenced by grape variety and wine region. This research holds great significance in protecting human life and health, as well as in the production of safer alcoholic beverages.

Development and validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of 10 mycotoxins in beer of the Chinese market and exposure estimate.

Mycotoxins are important risk factors in beer. In this study, a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine 10 mycotoxins in beer within 6 min. The method is fast, efficient, and has a simple and quick sample preparation. Validation was conducted based on the performance standards specified in Commission Decision 657/2002/EC, and the results demonstrated excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99), repeatability (RSD < 5 %), quantification limits (0.005-20.246 µg/L), and recovery rates (77 %-118 %). The prevalence of the 10 mycotoxins in 96 beers purchased from the Chinese market was analyzed, and the exposure of the Chinese population to mycotoxins through beer consumption was assessed. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was detected in 93.75 % of the beers, and the incidence of fumonisins (FBs) and zearalenone (ZEN) exceeded 50 %. Beer intake contributed significantly to the exposure of aflatoxins (AFs) and DON, especially in males. Correlation analysis between mycotoxin content in beer, raw materials, and the brewing process revealed that the brewing process significantly affected the content of DON (P < 0.001), while auxiliary materials also had a significant impact on the content of FBs and DON (P < 0.001). This study holds great significance in producing higher quality and safer beer.