ABSTRACT
In clinical practice, the treatment of colon cancer is faced with the dilemma of metastasis and recurrence, which is related to immunosuppression and hypoxia. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is a negative regulatory pathway of immunity. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is an important immunotherapy method. However, inadequate immunogenicity reduces the overall response rate of ICB. In this study, a tumor microenvironment-responsive nanomedicine (Cu-FACD@MnO2@FA) was prepared to increase host immune response and increase intracellular oxygen levels. Cu-FACD@MnO2@FA preferentially enriched at the tumor site, combined with the immune checkpoint inhibitor alpha PD-L1, induced sufficient immunogenicity to treat colon cancer. Immunofluorescence detection of tumor cells and tissues showed that the expression of hypoxa-inducing factor 1α was significantly down-regulated after treatment and the expression of immunoactivity-related proteins was significantly changed. In vivo treatment in a bilateral tumor mouse model showed complete ablation of the primary tumor and efficient inhibition of the distal tumor. In this study, for the first time, the oxygenation effects of MnO2-coated Cu-doped carbon dots and chemodynamic therapy and a strategy of combining with immuno-blocking therapy were used for treating colon cancer.
Subject(s)
Carbon , Colonic Neoplasms , Copper , Folic Acid , Manganese Compounds , Oxides , Manganese Compounds/chemistry , Manganese Compounds/pharmacology , Animals , Oxides/chemistry , Oxides/pharmacology , Copper/chemistry , Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Colonic Neoplasms/pathology , Mice , Carbon/chemistry , Humans , Folic Acid/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Oxygen/chemistry , Quantum Dots/chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Tumor Microenvironment/drug effectsABSTRACT
Magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is one of the most promising features of molecular-based magnetic materials. We reported three Gd-based magnetic refrigerant materials, namely, Gd2(L)(NO3)(H2O)â§CH3CNâ§H2O (1, H2L = (Z)-N-[(1E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methphenyl)methylidene]pyrazine-2-carbohydrazonic acid), {Gd6(L)6(CO3)2(CH3OH)2(H2O)3Cl}Clâ§4CH3CN (2), and Gd8(L)8(CO3)4(H2O)8â§2H2O (3). Complex 1 contains two GdIII ions linked by two η 2:η 1:η 1:η 1:µ 2-L2- ligands, which are seven-coordinated in a capped trigonal prism, and complex 2 possesses six GdIII ions, contributing to a triangular prism configuration. For complex 3, eight GdIII ions form a distorted cube arrangement. Moreover, the large values of magnetic entropy in the three complexes prove to be excellent candidates as cryogenic magnetic coolants.
ABSTRACT
Inspired by the concept of phase-gradient metasurfaces (PGMs), we present a way to design a multi-functional PGM-based light beam splitter (LBS) operating in the optical regime by engineering the anomalous diffraction properties. As an example of a proof of concept, the designed LBS is a purely metallic slit array with gradient slit width, termed metagrating. It is shown that the designed LBS can simultaneously achieve high-efficiency light beam splitting on both energy and polarization, and it has broadband and wide-angle response. In addition, we also show that the Ohmic loss of metals plays an important role in determining the diffraction efficiency of each diffraction order, which is the physics for designing the LBS that can deliver the incident energy equally into the reflection and refraction sides. Our work enriches the existing methods of designing LBSs and particularly provides a route for the design of multi-functional LBSs with high performance.
