Transparent organic light-emitting diodes with balanced white emission by minimizing waveguide and surface plasmonic loss.

It is challenging in realizing high-performance transparent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with symmetrical light emission to both sides. Herein, an efficient transparent OLED with highly balanced white emission to both sides is demonstrated by integrating quasi-periodic nanostructures into the organic emitter and the metal-dielectric composite top electrode, which can simultaneously suppressing waveguide and surface plasmonic loss. The power efficiency and external quantum efficiency are raised to 83.5 lm W-1 and 38.8%, respectively, along with a bi-directional luminance ratio of 1.26. The proposed scheme provides a facile route for extending application scope of transparent OLEDs for future transparent displays and lightings.

Switching Hole and Electron Transports of Molecules on Metal Oxides by Energy Level Alignment Tuning.

Charge transport at organic/inorganic hybrid contacts significantly affects the performance of organic optoelectronic devices because the unfavorable energy level offsets at these interfaces can hinder charge injection or extraction due to large barrier heights. Herein, we report a technologically relevant method to functionalize a traditional hole-transport layer of solution-processed nickel oxide (NiOx) with various interlayers. The photoemission spectroscopy measurements reveal the continuous tuning of the NiOx substrate work function ranging from 2.5 to 6.6 eV, enabling the alignment transition of energy levels between the Schottky-Mott limit and Fermi level pinning at the organic/composite NiOx interface. As a result, switching hole and electron transport for the active organic material on the composite NiOx layer is achieved due to the controlled carrier injection/extraction barriers. The experimental findings indicate that tuning the work function of metal oxides with optimum energy level offsets can facilitate the charge transport at organic/electrode contacts.

Halide-Substituted Electronic Properties of Organometal Halide Perovskite Films: Direct and Inverse Photoemission Studies.

Solution-processed perovskite solar cells are attracting increasing interest due to their potential in next-generation hybrid photovoltaic devices. Despite the morphological control over the perovskite films, quantitative information on electronic structures and interface energetics is of paramount importance to the optimal photovoltaic performance. Here, direct and inverse photoemission spectroscopies are used to determine the electronic structures and chemical compositions of various methylammonium lead halide perovskite films (MAPbX3, X = Cl, Br, and I), revealing the strong influence of halide substitution on the electronic properties of perovskite films. Precise control over halide compositions in MAPbX3 films causes the manipulation of the electronic properties, with a qualitatively blue shift along the I → Br → Cl series and showing the increase in ionization potentials from 5.96 to 7.04 eV and the change of transport band gaps in the range from 1.70 to 3.09 eV. The resulting light absorption of MAPbX3 films can cover the entire visible region from 420 to 800 nm. The results presented here provide a quantitative guide for the analysis of perovskite-based solar cell performance and the selection of optimal carrier-extraction materials for photogenerated electrons and holes.