Antioxidation and Hepatoprotection of Selenium Mycelium Polysaccharides Against Alcoholic Liver Diseases from the Cultivated Morel Mushroom Morchella esculenta (Ascomycota).

The liver was regarded as the most important metabolic and detoxification organ in vivo, and Morchella esculenta had been reported as the admittedly rare edible fungus belonging to Ascomycetes contributing to the abundant bioactivities. The objective of this study aimed to confirm the potential antioxidant activities of selenium mycelium polysaccharides (Se-MIP) from M. esculenta against alcoholic liver diseases (ALD) in mice. The results indicated that a selenium concentration of 25 µg/mL exhibited potential in vitro antioxidant capacities of Se-MIP. The in vivo mice results demonstrated that Se-MIP showed potential anti-ALD effects by improving the antioxidant activities and alleviating the hepatic dysfunctions. The present conclusions suggested that Se-MIP could be used as a candidate on improving ALD and its complications for further clinical investigations.

Effect of subanesthetic dose of esketamine on postoperative rehabilitation in elderly patients undergoing hip arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVE: The majority of individuals with femoral neck fractures opt for total hip replacement to enhance their quality of life. However, this group frequently exhibits perioperative symptoms of pain, anxiety, and sadness, which extends recovery time to some extent. Esketamine, the right-handed monomer of ketamine, is more popular these days due to its sedative, analgesic, and antidepressant properties. There are currently few domestic and international research on the use of esketamine in elderly individuals who have undergone surgery for a femoral neck fracture. In order to further cut the length of the hospital stay and hasten postoperative recovery, this study investigates whether esketamine postoperative analgesia can lessen postoperative pain, anxiety, and depression in older patients having hip replacement. METHODS: 150 patients, ASA physical status I-II, aged ≥ 60 years, no limitation in gender, BMI 18-25 kg/cm2, who underwent selective total hip arthroplasty, according to random number table method, esketamine group (group A) and sufentanil group (group B) were randomized, 75 patients in each group. The two groups received general anesthesia method. At the end of the operation, PCIA was connected for analgesia. In group A, esketamine 2.5 mg/kg was mixed with normal saline to 100 ml. In group B, sufentanil 2.5 ug/kg was mixed with normal saline to 100 ml. Record the VAS scores after operation. Record the first ambulation time, ambulation distance and Patient-controlled Analgesia compression times after operation. The incidence of postoperative adverse reactions such as drowsiness, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, multilingual were recorded. ELISA was used to detect IL-6 and CRP in the morning, 24 h and 72 h after operation. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) score and Harris score at 3 days, 1 week and 1 month after operation were followed up. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in VAS score and PCA compression times (P > 0.05), but the incidence of nausea, vomiting and dizziness in group B was higher than that in group A (P < 0.05). Compared with group B, the levels of IL-6 and CRP in group A at 24 h and 72 h after operation were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Postoperative ambulation time and ambulation distance in group A were better than those in group B (P < 0.05). The HAD score of group A was lower than that of group B at 3 days and 1 week after operation (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups at 1 month after operation (P > 0.05). The Harris score of group A was higher than that of group B at 3 days, 1 week and 1 month after operation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Esketamine can reduce short-term postoperative anxiety and depression, relieve postoperative pain and stress response, shorten bed rest time after total hip replacement, and accelerate postoperative recovery.

Propofol exerts neuroprotective functions by down-regulating microRNA-19a in glutamic acid-induced PC12 cells.

BACKGROUND: Propofol, a kind of intravenous sedative drug, is certified that exerts anti-inflammation and antitumor functions. However, the influence of propofol in cerebral injury and the corresponding mechanism remains unexplained, that our article focuses on. METHODS: PC12 cells were treated with propofol and exposed in glutamic acid (Glu) solutions. Cell viability, apoptotic potential, apoptosis-related and autophagy-linked proteins were tested via CCK-8, flow cytometry, and western blot assays. Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR was utilized to test miR-19a expression in Glu-stimulated cells. Next, miR-19a mimic transfection was used to assess the effects of miR-19a on cell apoptosis and autophagy in Glu or propofol treated cells. Finally, western blot was performed to test AMPK and mTOR pathways. RESULTS: Glu exposure promoted cell apoptosis and autophagy of PC12 cells, while propofol attenuated cell apoptosis and autophagy triggered by Glu. Additionally, propofol decreased the miR-19a expression in Glu-stimulated PC12 cells. Meanwhile, over-expression of miR-19a reversed the effects of propofol on Glu-induced cell apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, propofol potentiated AMPK and mTOR pathways in Glu-stimulated PC12 cells via impeding miR-19a expression. CONCLUSIONS: These finding revealed that propofol relieved Glu-triggered apoptosis and autophagy of PC12, and activated AMPK and mTOR pathways by suppressing miR-19a expression.

Retracted Article: Gm5820, an antisense RNA of FGF1, suppresses FGF1 expression at the posttranscriptional level to inactivate the ERK/STAT3 pathway and alleviates neuropathic pain in mice.

Emerging evidence reveals that lncRNAs play important roles in various pathological processes, but precious little indicates their regulatory role in neuropathic pain. In this study, we performed unbiased whole transcriptome profiling in dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) from mice with sham operation and mice with chronic constriction injury (CCI). Gm5820 was one of the most downregulated RNA transcripts in CCI neuropathic pain model mice. Then, a pcDNA-Gm5820 expression vector was constructed and administered into CCI mice through intrathecal injection. The results showed that upregulation of Gm5820 alleviated mouse mechanical allodynia and thermal/cold hyperalgesia, and reduced the accumulation of inflammatory cytokines and ROS in the DRG tissue. Moreover, different concentrations of pcDNA-Gm5820 expression vector and Gm5820 siRNA were respectively transfected into primary DRG neurons from 4th to 6th lumbar vertebra (L4-L6). We found that Gm5820 overexpression improved cell viability and migration, and reduced the production of ROS, LDH and IL-1ß. In contrast, Gm5820 knockdown had the opposite effects. Furthermore, RNA pull-down assays with FGF1 and Gm5820 cDNA probes both demonstrated that FGF1 mRNA and Gm5820 directly bound to each other. Moreover, Gm5820 negatively regulated the stability of FGF1 mRNA. Gm5820 suppressed the expression of FGF1 at the post-transcriptional level and negatively regulated the activation of ERK1/2-mediated STAT3, a critical contributor in neuropathic pain. In conclusion, Gm5820 directly binds to FGF1 mRNA and suppresses FGF1 expression at the posttranscriptional level, it functions as a negative regulator in the activation of the ERK/STAT3 pathway, and upregulation of Gm5820 alleviates neuropathic pain in CCI mice.

Comparison of local infiltration analgesia and sciatic nerve block as an adjunct to femoral nerve block for pain control after total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: To perform a meta-analysis to assess the efficiency and safety between local infiltration analgesia (LIA) and sciatic nerve block (SNB) when combined with femoral nerve block (FNB) for pain control following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: We systemically searched the following electronic databases for potentially relevant articles: Embase (1980-2017.01), Medline (1966-2017.01), PubMed (1966-2017.01), ScienceDirect (1985-2017.01), web of science (1950-2017.01) and the Cochrane Library. Only studies published in English that were accessible online were considered. Furthermore, we only considered studies that were published from 1966 to 2017. Only studies that met the following inclusion criteria were considered: (a) patients were adult human subjects who were set to undergo TKA; (b) the intervention was either SNB combined with FNB or LIA combined with FNB; (c) the outcomes of the studies, such as visual analog scale (VAS) scores, morphine consumption, length of stay and postoperative adverse effects, including the risk of nausea, vomiting and falls, were reported; (d) studies were either RCTs or non-RCT. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 11.0 software. Modified Jadad score (7-points scale) which was based on Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions is used for assessment of RCTs. The Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies (MINORS) scale was used to assess non-RCTs with scores ranging 0 to 24. The synthesis of the outcomes for all studies was calculated as the weighted average rate by using a fixed or random effect model which depends on statistical heterogeneity. Systematic review registration number is CRD42017110661. RESULTS: Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 2 nonrandomized controlled trials (Non-RCTs), including 240 patients met the inclusion criteria. The present meta-analysis indicated that there were significant differences between groups in terms of visual analog scale (VAS) score at 12 hours (SMD = -0.337, 95% CI: -0.593 to -0.081, P =.010), VAS score at 24 hours (SMD = -0.337, 95% CI: -0.612 to -0.061, P =.017), morphine equivalent consumption at 24 hours (SMD = -0.371, 95% CI: -0.627 to -0.114, P = .005) and incidence of nausea (RD = 0.215, 95% CI: 0.078 to 0.353, P = .002) and vomiting (RD = 0.143, 95% CI: 0.026 to 0.260, P = .017). CONCLUSION: FNB combined with SNB provided decreased VAS scores and less morphine consumption at 12 and 24 hours compared with FNB combined with LIA in total knee arthroplasty. In addition, it was associated with lower risks of nausea and vomiting. We assessed the quality of the evidence as low to very low; therefore, our confidence in the effect estimate is limited, and the true effect may be substantially different from our estimates. Further studies should focus on surgeries that are known to be associated with significant postoperative pain, particularly surgeries where improved pain control may deliver significant clinical benefits through reduced morbidity, or cost-effectiveness benefits through faster rehabilitation and discharge. The present meta-analysis has the following limitations: (1) only 5 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Although all of them are recently published studies, the sample sizes are relatively small; (2) Functional outcome is an important parameter; however, owing to the insufficiency of relevant data, we failed to perform a meta-analysis on functional outcome; (3) The doses of anesthetics and the concomitant pain management regimes varied between the studies, which may have influenced the results; (4) The duration of follow-up was relatively short, which might have led to an underestimating of complications; and (5) publication bias present in the meta-analysis may have influenced the results.

Preoperative intravenous glucocorticoids can decrease acute pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting after total hip arthroplasty: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were performed to assess the efficacy and safety of preoperative intravenous glucocorticoids versus controls for the prevention of postoperative acute pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS: A computer literature search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China Wanfang database, was conducted to identify the relevant RCTs comparing preoperative intravenous glucocorticoids versus placebos for reducing acute pain and PONV in THA patients. The primary outcomes included the use of the visual analog scale (VAS) with rest or mobilization at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours and the occurrence of PONV. The secondary outcome was total morphine consumption. We calculated the risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for dichotomous outcomes, and the weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% CI for continuous outcomes. RESULTS: Pooled data from 7 RCTs (411 THAs) favored preoperative intravenous glucocorticoids against acute pain intensity at 4, 24, and 48 hours (P < .05). There was no significant difference between the VAS with rest or mobilization at 72 hours (P > .05). Subsequently, preoperative intravenous glucocorticoids provided a total morphine-sparing effect of 9.36 mg (WMD = -9.36, 95% CI = -12.33 to -6.38, P = .000). In addition, preoperative intravenous glucocorticoids were associated with a significant reduction of the occurrence of PONV (RR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.30-0.57, P = .000). CONCLUSION: Intravenous glucocorticoids can decrease early pain intensity and PONV after THA. However, the low number of studies and variation in dosing regimens limits the evidence for its use. Thus, more high-quality RCTs are still needed to identify the optimal drug and the safety of intravenous glucocorticoids.

Effect of dezocine combined with propofol on painless gastroscopy in patients with suspect gastric carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of dezocine combined with propofol on painless gastroscopy in patients with suspect gastric carcinoma. METHODS: Forty-three patients with gastric carcinoma who have underwent painless gastroscopy were retrospectively analyzed. For the 43 patients, 21 patients received propofol 1 mg/kg for painless gastroscopy (control group) and other 22 cases received dezocine 20 µg/kg plus propofol 1 mg/kg for painless gastroscopy (experiment group). The vital indexes (heart rate [HR], respiratory rate [RR], mean arterial pressure [MAP], and SpO2%), side effects, and recovery time were recorded at the time point T1 (before dosing), T2 (disappearance of eyelash reflex), and T3 (recovery of orientation). RESULTS: The HR, RR, and MAP were significantly decreased in T2 compared to T1 in both experiment and control group (P < 0.05). However, the SpO2% was not changed at T1, T2, and T3 in both experiment and control groups (P > 0.05). The RR at T2 was 16.8 ± 2.1 (n/ min) and 14.2 ± 1.8 (n/min) for experiment and control groups, respectively, with statistical difference (P < 0.05). The incidence rate of respiratory depression and body movement was 0.0%, 27.3% for experiment and 23.8%, 47.6% for control group with statistical difference (P < 0.05). The recovery time was 3.6 ± 0.8 min and 1.8 ± 0.6 min for control and experiment group, respectively, which demonstrated experiment group is much shorter than that of control group with statistical difference (P < 0.05). However, nausea and vomiting rate was not statistically different between the experiment and control groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Dezocine combined with propofol on painless gastroscopy can reduce the respiratory depression and body movement without interference of hemodynamics.

Fentanyl inhibits the invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells via inhibiting the negative regulation of Ets-1 on BANCR.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown the potential anti-tumor effect of fentanyl on colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its underling mechanism is still unclear. Since studies indicates the abnormal expression of transcription factor Ets-1 and BRAF-activated lncRNA (BANCR) in CRC progress, the relationship between Ets-1 and BANCR was investigated here to illustrate the fentanyl-induced mechanism on CRC in vitro. METHODS: The expression levels of Ets-1 and BANCR were first detected in fentanyl-treated CRC cells. The interaction between Ets-1 and BANCR promoter was verified with chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, as well as corresponding acetylation of histones. The regulation of Ets-1 on BANCR expression was confirmed through luciferase assays and RT-PCR analysis. And, cell clone formation, cell migration and invasion were observed to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of fentanyl. Ets-1 overexpression or co-overexpression with BANCR was further performed by plasmids transfection to show the regulatory role of Ets-1 in fentanyl-induced mechanism. RESULTS: Fentanyl induced BANCR upregulation and Ets-1 downregulation in CRC cells. Further studies showed that Ets-1 negatively regulated BANCR expression via the deacetylation of histones H3 within BANCR promoter. Moreover, fentanyl induced less cell clone formation, as well as inhibited cell migration and invasion in vitro, while Ets-1 overexpression inhibited fentanyl-induced effects that could be reversed by BANCR co-overexpression. CONCLUSION: Fentanyl showed anti-tumor like effects on CRC cells, including less cell clone formation and inhibited cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, the regulatory role of Ets-1 on BANCR influenced fentanyl-induced mechanism, indicating their potential application in the therapeutic treatment of CRC.