[Multicenter evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of jaundice color card for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia].

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and practicality of the Jaundice color card (JCard) as a screening tool for neonatal jaundice. Methods: Following the standards for reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD) statement, a multicenter prospective study was conducted in 9 hospitals in China from October 2019 to September 2021. A total of 845 newborns who were admitted to the hospital or outpatient department for liver function testing due to their own diseases. The inclusion criteria were a gestational age of ≥35 weeks, a birth weight of ≥2 000 g, and an age of ≤28 days. The neonate's parents used the JCard to measure jaundice at the neonate's cheek. Within 2 hours of the JCard measurement, transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) was measured with a JH20-1B device and total serum bilirubin (TSB) was detected. The Pearson's correlation analysis, Bland-Altman plots and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used for statistic analysis. Results: Out of the 854 newborns, 445 were male and 409 were female; 46 were born at 35-36 weeks of gestational age and 808 were born at ≥37 weeks of gestational age. Additionally, 432 cases were aged 0-3 days, 236 cases were aged 4-7 days, and 186 cases were aged 8-28 days. The TSB level was (227.4±89.6) µmol/L, with a range of 23.7-717.0 µmol/L. The JCard level was (221.4±77.0) µmol/L and the TcB level was (252.5±76.0) µmol/L. Both the JCard and TcB values showed good correlation (r=0.77 and 0.80, respectively) and agreements (96.0% (820/854) and 95.2% (813/854) of samples fell within the 95% limits of agreement, respectively) with TSB. The JCard value of 12 had a sensitivity of 0.93 and specificity of 0.75 for identifying a TSB ≥205.2 µmol/L, and a sensitivity of 1.00 and specificity of 0.35 for identifying a TSB ≥342.0 µmol/L. The TcB value of 205.2 µmol/L had a sensitivity of 0.97 and specificity of 0.60 for identifying TSB levels of 205.2 µmol/L, and a sensitivity of 1.00 and specificity of 0.26 for identifying TSB levels of 342.0 µmol/L. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of JCard for identifying TSB levels of 153.9, 205.2, 256.5, and 342.0 µmol/L were 0.96, 0.92, 0.83, and 0.83, respectively. The AUC of TcB were 0.94, 0.91, 0.86, and 0.87, respectively. There were both no significant differences between the AUC of JCard and TcB in identifying TSB levels of 153.9 and 205.2 µmol/L (both P>0.05). However, the AUC of JCard were both lower than those of TcB in identifying TSB levels of 256.5 and 342.0 µmol/L (both P<0.05). Conclusions: JCard can be used to classify different levels of bilirubin, but its diagnostic efficacy decreases with increasing bilirubin levels. When TSB level are ≤205.2 µmol/L, its diagnostic efficacy is equivalent to that of the JH20-1B. To prevent the misdiagnosis of severe jaundice, it is recommended that parents use a low JCard score, such as 12, to identify severe hyperbilirubinemia (TSB ≥342.0 µmol/L).

[Efficacy analysis of psychological intervention on the basis of medication for the treatment of moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis].

Objective:To observe the effect of psychological intervention on the basis of drug therapy for moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis.Method:Sixty patients with moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis were randomly divided into two groups: control group and study group. The control group was only given pure drug therapy. The study group was given drug treatment and psychological intervention. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. Before and after the treatment, the patients were graded by SAS, SDS and RQLQ to assess their anxiety and depression, as well as changes in the quality of life. Finally, a statistical analysis was performed.Result:After the treatment, the SAS and SDS scores of the control group and the study group were lower than those scores before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The SAS and SDS scores were lower in the study group than in the control group after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).After the treatment, the scores of RQLQ in the control group and the study group were lower than those scores before treatment. and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment with two regimens, the scores of the sleep, the non-nose/eye symptoms, and the emotion were lower in the study group than those scores in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion:To improve the mental disorder and the quality of life of the moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis patients, on the basis of drug treatment along with psychological intervention is more effective than using medical treatment.

Effects of ONO-1078, a leukotriene antagonist, on cardiovascular responses induced by vagal stimulation, capsaicin, and substance P in guinea pigs.

AIM: To determine the role of ONO-1078, 4-oxo-8 -[p-(4-phenylbutyloxy) benzoylamino]- 2-(tetrazol-5-yl) -4H-1-benzopyran hemihydrate, in cardiovascular responses induced by vagal stimulation, capsaicin, and substance P. METHODS: Evans blue extravasation in the atrium and ventricle, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were observed. RESULTS: Electric stimulation of vagus (ESV, 10 Hz, 5 ms, 2 or 10 V, for 90 s) increased Evans blue extravasation in the hearts of atropine (1 mg.kg-1, i.v.)-pretreated guinea pigs. Capsaicin (0.05 mg.kg-1, i.v.) and substance P (1 microgram.kg-1, i.v.) enhanced the dye extravasation and elicited a drop in MAP. ONO-1078 (0.03 and 0.1 mg.kg-1, i.v.) inhibited ESV-induced response, especially at stimulation of 2 V. ONO-1078 (0.03 mg.kg-1) attenuated capsaicin-induced cardiac microvascular leakage and hypotensive response, but failed to inhibit substance P-induced responses. CONCLUSION: ONO-1078 can modulate the cardiovascular responses in neurogenic inflammation, possibly mediated by inhibiting sensory neuropeptide release.

[Inhibition of chemically induced microvascular leakage by ONO-1078, a leukotriene antagonist, in rat skin].

This study is to determine whether ONO-1078, a potent leukotriene antagonist, influences chemically induced rat skin microvascular leakage which is considered to be, at least in part, due to stimulation of sensory nerve ending and release of sensory neuropeptides. Evans blue dye was used as a tracer for plasma leakage. Intradermal injections of chemical stimuli, histamine (10 micrograms), capsaicin (10 micrograms) and formalin (0.5 mg), evoked Evans blue dye extravasation in rat skin. Intraperitoneal ONO-1078 dose-dependently inhibited the dye extravasation induced by these stimuli, with ID5v values of 1.98 mg.kg-1 for histamine, 1.78 mg.kg-1 for capsaicin, and 2.23 mg.kg-1 for formalin. In contrast to chlorpheniramine, a H1 receptor antagonist, the inhibitory effect of ONO-1078 was weaker on histamine, but more potent on capsaicin and formalin. The inhibitory effect of dexamethasone was more potent than that of ONO-1078 on these stimuli. On the other hand, ONO-1078 inhibited the dye extravasation induced by leukotriene D4 (0.05 micrograms), but showed no effect on those induced by substance P (0.5 micrograms, a sensory neuropeptide), a larger dose of histamine (100 micrograms), and bradykinin (1 microgram). These results suggest that inhibition of chemically induced skin microvascular leakage by ONO-1078 may be mediated by inhibiting the release of sensory neuropeptides from capsaicin-sensitive sensory fibers.

Inhibition of spermine on calcium influx during capacitation of guinea pig spermatozoa in vitro.

To investigate the mechanism of action of spermine, we measured the intracellular calcium ([Ca]i) of guinea pig spermatozoa using a probe of fluorescence, Quin 2. Results showed that spermine (0.25-2.0 mmol.L-1) suppressed the membrane permeability to Ca2+ during capacitation, which was similar to that of verapamil (a Ca2+ channel blocker). Furthermore, the rapid increase of [Ca]i induced by calcimycin (A-23187) was inhibited by spermine and verapamil, whereas trifluoperazine (an inhibitor of calmodulin) had no effect on it. The inhibition of the acrosome reaction caused by verapamil (5-100 mumol.L-1) or trifluoperazine (1-60 mumol.L-1) was reversed by calcimycin and cAMP, respectively. In addition, there was no effect on the initiation of the acrosome reaction when verapamil was added to capacitated spermatozoa. This result was in agreement with that of spermine. When addition of spermine (0.5 mmol.L-1) was combined with trifluoperazine (5 mumol.L-1), the acrosome reaction decline almost to zero, indicating that spermine might inhibit Ca2+ sensitive channel during sperm capacitation.

[Effects of ketotifen on human neutrophil respiratory burst and intracellular free calcium].

The stimulatory effect of FMLP 5 nmol.L-1, OAG 25 nmol.L-1 and calcimycin 10 nmol.L-1 on luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) was observed in human neutrophils (Neu). The rest level of Neu intracellular free calcium ([Ca]i) measured by Ca(2+)-sensitive probe Quin 2/AM was calculated to be 200 +/- s 19 nmol.L-1. By the addition of FMLP 0.1 nmol.L-1 or calcimycin 0.5 nmol.L-1, the peak [Ca]i increased to 769 +/- 104 nmol.L-1 and 953 +/- 53 nmol.L-1, respectively. Ketotifen (50-300 mumol.L-1) inhibited Neu CL in a dose-dependent manner with activator FMLP. Inhibition was also seen when Neu CL was activated by calcimycin and OAG, respectively. However, ketotifen did not inhibit Neu [Ca]i increment activated by FMLP and calcimycin.