The novel HLA-C*14:155 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual.

HLA-C*14:155 differs from HLA-C*14:02:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 1.

[Pharmacokinetics of Recombinant Human Coagulation Factor â § Preparations in Patients with Severe Hemophilia A].

OBJECTIVE: To calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of recombinant human coagulation factor Ⅷ using myPKFiT in patients with severe hemophilia A, and provide an individualized treatment plan for patients. METHODS: A total of 42 patients with severe hemophilia A who were treated with recombinant human coagulation factor Ⅷ were included from January 2021 to December 2021. myPKFiT was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of FⅧ, and the individualized treatment plan for hemophilia A patients was formulated. RESULTS: The median age of 42 patients with severe hemophilia A was 31（16-50） years old, the average weight was 54.0±9.9 kg, the half-life of FⅧ was 12.05±1.6 h, the time to more than 1% of the baseline was 62.3±15.3 h, and the 0 bleeding rate after the guidance of myPKFiT was significantly increased from 39% to 49%, the Annual bleeding rate was reduced from 3.6±2.5 to 2.1±2.0, and the Annual joint bleeding rate was reduced from 3.2±2.2 to 1.9±0.9, all of which were statistically different (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Individualized therapy in patients with severe hemophilia A who were guided by myPKFiT assay of pharmacokinetics parameters can significantly reduce the annual bleeding rate and annual joint bleeding rate of patients.

[Reversal of Drug Resistance in K562/ADM Cells Caused by RA and the Related Mechanisms].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of ursane triterpenoids 3ß,19α-dihydroxyursu-12-ene-23,28-dicarboxylic acid (Rotundioic acid, RA) on the sensitivity of adriamycin-resistant K562 cells (K562/ADM Cell) anti-tumor drug, and to explore the effect and mechanism of RA on the multidrug resistance of K562/ADM cells. METHODS: CCK-8 method was used to detect the effect of RA on the sensitivity of K562 cells and K562/ADM cells to anti-tumor drug. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression level of mRNA and the protein in K562 and K562/ADM cells, and the effect of RA on the expression of MDR1 mRNA and P-gp in K562/ADM cells was also detected; Western blot was used to detect the expression of p-JNK, p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 in K562/ADM cells. RESULTS: RA could increased the sensitivity of K562/ADM cells to adriamycin(the reversal factor was 1.61 times), the difference showed statistically significantly (P<0.05); the resistance factor of K562/ADM to ADM was 41.76 times. The expression of MDR1 mRNA in K562 cells was extremely low, and the protein product P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was almost not expressed; MDR1 mRNA and P-gp in K562/ADM cells were highly expressed; RA could down-regulate the expression levels of MDR1 and P-gp in K562/ADM cells. In addition, RA could upregulate the phosphorylation levels of p38 and ERK1/2 in K562/ADM cells, but it has no effect on the expression of p-JNK. CONCLUSION: RA may participate in the regulation of MAPK signaling pathway by upregulating the expression levels of p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 in K562/ADM cells, and thus inhibit the transcription and translation levels of MDR1, and finally reverse the multidrug resistance of leukemia cells.

Prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections in Yunnan Province: a cross-sectional study in 2015 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the current prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections in Yunnan province, so as to provide the scientific evidence for formulating the soil-borne nematodiasis control strategy in the province. Methods In 2015, a total of 20 survey sites were sampled in 10 counties (cities) of Yunnan Province using the stratified cluster random sampling method. Stool samples were collected from all local permanent residents at ages of one year and older in each survey site, and the soil-borne nematode eggs were identified using the modified Kato-Katz technique and the egg number was counted. In addition, the hookworm species was identified using the filter-paperculture method, and Enterobius vermicularis eggs were detected using the cellophane tape method in children at ages of 3 to 6 years. Results A total of 5 067 residents received stool examinations, and 950 residents were detected with soil-borne nematode infections, with an overall prevalence rate of 18.75%. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichura and hookworm was 7.52%, 8.47% and 9.02%, respectively. Among 446 children detected using the cellophane tape method, 5 children were detected with E. vermicularis infections. Among the 160 residents with hookworm infections, there were 139 residents with Necator americanus infections (86.88%), 16 with A. duodenale infections (10.00%) and 5 with mixed infections (3.12%). Mild A. lumbricoides (67.98%, 259/381), T. trichura (88.58%, 380/429) and hookworm infections (94.53%, 432/457) were predominant. Among the four ecological zones, the highest prevalence of human soilborne nematode infections was found in the East Tibet-South Sichuan Ecological Zone (31.79%), and among the 10 survey counties (cities), the greatest prevalence was seen in Gongshan Derung and Nu Autonomous County (50.13%), while the lowest prevalence was found in Ninglang Yi Autonomous County (0.40%). The prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections was 5.67% (43/759), 26.67% (610/2 287) and 14.70% (297/2 021) in high-, moderate- and low-economic-level regions, respectively. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections in terms of ecological regions, survey counties (cities) or economic development levels (χ2 = 342.20, 814.60 and 201.34, all P < 0.05). There was no significantdifference in the prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections between male (18.21%, 441/2 422) and female residents (19.24%, 509/2 645) (χ2 = 0.89, P > 0.05), and soil-borne nematode infections were detected in residents at all age groups, with the greatest prevalence found in residents at ages of 1 to 9 years (25.88%). In addition, the highest prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections was seen in residents with the Dulong Ethnic Minority (82.09%), in preschool children (25.06%) and in illiterate residents (24.80%), and there was no age-, ethnicity-, occupation- or education level-specific prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections detected (χ2 = 46.50, 1 016.96, 36.33 and 52.43, all P < 0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections remains high in Yunnan Province. The management of soil-borne nematodiasis requires to be reinforced among low-age children, farmers, old people and residents with low educations levels or ethnic groups.

[Research Progress on Application of CRISPR/Cas Genome Editing Technology in Hematological Diseases -Review].

CRISPR/Cas genome editing technology is a newly developed powerful tool for genetic manipulation, which can be used to manipulate the genome at specific locations precisely, to restore the function of genetic defect cells, and to develop various disease models. In recentl years, with the advances of precise genome manipulation, CRISPR/Cas technology has been applied to many aspects of diseases research and becomes an unique tool to investigate gene function and discover new therapeutic targets for genetic diseases. Nowadays, CRISPR/Cas technology has been a hot research point in agriculture, graziery, biotechnology and medicine. This review focuses on the recent advances in CRISPR/Cas technology and its application in hematological diseases.

[Expression and Significance of NLRP3, ASC and AIM2 in Patients with Acute Leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression and significance of NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis associated speck like protein containing a CRAD (ASC) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) of patients with acute leukemia. METHODS: The petipheral blood samples of 19 patients with ALL and 41 patients with ANLL as the AL group (each 20 cases of newly diagnosed, relapsed and complete remission group) and 20 cases of non-hematologic malignancies as the control group were collected from July 2013 to July 2014 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University. The expression levels of NLRP3, ASC and AIM2 in peripheral blood plasma were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: The expression levels of NLRP3, ASC and AIM2 in plasma of control and AL complete remission groups were significantly higher than those in newly diagnosed and relapsed groups, and were with statistical significance (P < 0.05), but there were no statistical signifirance between ALL and ANLL groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The expression of NLRP3, ASC and AIM2 is down-regulated in the patients with acute leukemia, which maybe play a role of anti-leukemia, and provide a laboratory evidence for diagnosis and treatment of patients with acute leukemia.

[Research Progress on Long Non-Coding RNA in Hematological Malignancies--Review].

Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) is defined as a class of transcripts more than 200 nucleotides in length and without the protein-coding function. It has been found for years, however, that little is known about the potential role of LncRNA in humans. But recent studies showed that LncRNA can regulate the coding-gene expression and participate in effects of human body. Accumulating evidence demonstrated that LncRNA are involved in cancer incidence, development and progression.With further exploration on the mechanisms of tumors, the relationship between the long non-coding RNA and hematological malignancies increasingly become a hot research. This review focuses on the mechanisms of LncRNA in hematological malignancies.

[Investigation of soil - transmitted nematode infections in Xiding Township, Menghai County, Yunnan Province].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the status of soil-transmitted nematode infections in Xiding Township, Menghai County, Yunnan Province, so as to provide the reference for formulating the strategy of soil-transmitted nematodosis control. METHODS: Soil-transmitted nematode eggs in feces were detected by the Kato-Katz method, and the eggs of Enterobius vermicularis were detected by the cellophane tape method in children. The soil samples were collected from vegetable, fruit and other crop fields of 15 residents randomly to detect hookworm. RESULTS: The stool samples from 1 002 residents were examined and the soil -transmitted nematode infection rate was 20.06% (201/1 002). The infection rates of hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichura were 18.96% (190 cases), 1.70% (17 cases) and 0.90% (9 cases) respectively. The percentages of people with light infection of hookworm, A. lumbricoides and T. trichura were 97.37% (185/190), 88.24% (15/17) and 100% (9/9) respectively. No infection of E. vermicularis was found. Fifteen soil samples were tested, and no hookworm was found in the soil. CONCLUSIONS: The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode in Xiding Township, Menghai County is high, but the infectiosity is light. The control and monitoring of soil-transmitted nematodosis should be strengthened in this area.

[Expression of HMGB1 and NF-κB in Patients with Acute Leukemia and Its Significance].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in patients with acute leukemia and its significance. METHOD: 20 samples of bone marrow and peripheral blood from each acute leukemia groups (newly diagnozed, relapsed and complete remission groups) and 20 samples as control from patients with no-hematologic malignancies were collected. The expression level of HMGB1 in peripheral blood plasma was determined by ELISA; HMGB1 and NF-κB level in mononuclear cells were examined by RT-PCR. Western blot was used to determine HMGB1 and NF-κB protein levels. HMGB1 and NF-κB in bone marrow smears were determined by immnohistochemistry method (IHC). RESULTS: The expression level of HMGB1 obviously increased in patients of newly diagnosed and relapsed groups, as compared with control group there was statistical significance (P < 0.05), but there was no obvious difference in expression level of HMGB1 between complete remission group and control group (P > 0.05). The expression level of HMGB1 and NF-kB in monnuclear cells of bone marrow in newly-diagnosed group and relapsed group was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05), but the expression levels of HMGB1 and NF-kB in complete remisson group did not change (P > 0.05). The results of immnohistochemistry method indicated that the possitive expression of HMGB1 and NF-kB maily was found in bone marrow smears of newly diagnosed and relapsed groups. CONCLUSION: HMGB1 is overexpressed in acute leukemia, which may be involved in the occurrence and development of acute leukemia by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway, HMGB1 may be a important index for observing therapeutic effectiveness and predicting recurrence of acute leukemia.